Extraction And Activity Analysis Of Effective Components From Schisandra Chinensis

Schisandra chinensis is one of special berries of northeast in China. It has hepatoprotective, anti-aging, sedative and tonic activities. If S. chinensis berries could be exported in various deep processing products to sell, then its profit would be at least 10 times more than the dried fruits or fresh fruits soled directly. The deep-processed and utilization of S. chinensis berries can not only greatly enhance the income of local farmers, but also bring considerable economic benefits and social benefits. So we should make our effort to speed up the utilization and product development of S. chinensis.In this thesis, the lignans in the dried fruits of S. chinensis was extracted by ultrahigh pressure extraction. The fruit juice and seeds of S. chinensis berries were studied, separately. The active ingredients were isolated and identified in the juice and seeds. At the same time, antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective activity of S. chinensis juice and seed extract were detected. The conclusions were as follows:1) Base on the single factors'experiments, we got the optimal extraction conditions of lignans. The optimal extraction conditions: pressure was 400 MPa, ethanol concentration was 90%, liquid-solid ratio was 90:1 (mL:g). Deoxyschisandrin andγ-schisandrin yields were 0.313% and 0.0612%. Compared with ultrasonic extraction and reflux extraction, the lignans extraction yields of ultrahigh pressure extraction were higher than the other two methods, and the extraction time was 15min shorter than ultrasonic extraction and 115minn shorter than reflux extraction. Ultrahigh pressure can avoid thermal damage of the active ingredients, short the extraction time and has high extraction efficiency.2) Leaching extraction was employed to extract the total phenolics from the residua of S. chinensis berries. The optimal extraction conditions: solvent was water, extraction temperature was 25°C, extraction time was 45min, liquid-solid ratio was 6:1 (mL:g), the optimal yield was 1.085%. Regression equation: Y = 0.0209582X1X2 +5.7100609, R2=0.9977. LH-20 gel column separation was used to purify the juice. The major component of the pigment compoundΙwas identified by HPLC-MS assay. A set of quasi-molecular ion compound was m/z 727, major fragment ion was m/z 287. The compoundΙwas identified to be cyanidin-3-O- xylosylrutinoside.3) The researches of the main constituents in S. chinensis seeds focused on the analysis of volatile oil, the press oil composition and the analysis of lignans. The volatile oil of S. chinensis seeds was clear and light yellow, the extraction yield was 2.34% (v/w). GC-MS was employed to identify the compounds in the oil. 52 different compounds were identified in volatile oil, accounting for 89.74% of the total composition, including 28 sesquiterpenoids (69.71%) and 17monoterpenoids (12.78%). The total phenolic content of S. chinensis seed extract was 1.74%. The yield of the cold press oil of S. chinensis seeds was 24.03%. Unsaturated fatty acids accounted for 92.86% of the oil, saturated fatty acids accounted for 7.14% of the oil. The top three fatty acids contents were linoleic acid 72.8%, oleic acid 18.951% and palmitic acid 5.216%. The contents of schisandrin, deoxyschisandrin andγ-schisandrin in the press oil were 0.755%, 0.125% and 0.952%.4) DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power determination were employed to detect the antioxidant activities of S. chinensis juice and seed extract. For DPPH radical scavenging activity, the IC50 of S. chinensis juice and seed extract were 2.29mg/mL and 0.480mg/mL, respectively. No whether the juice or seed extract, the reducing power increased with the increase of the sample's concentration. The reducing power of S. chinensis seed extract was higher than fruit juice.5) CCl4 induced acute liver injury model in rats was used to determine the hepatoprotective activities of S. chinensis juice and seed extract. With the juice and seed extract dose increase, the activities of serum ALT, AST, and AKP decreased, and were lower than the model group. For serum ALT, the impact of seed extract was better than juice. Both of S. chinensis juice and seed extract could improve GSH-Px, SOD, and CAT activities in the liver and inhibit lipid peroxidation, reduce tissue damage. And the seed extract is better than the juice. All these proved that S. chinensist juice and seed extract had protective effects on CCl4-induced acute liver injury in rats. The mechanism might be related to increasing antioxidant capacity of liver cells, reducing the role of lipid peroxidation and enhance antioxidant enzymes activities, promoting the liver regeneration.6) S. chinensis juice was chose as the raw materials to develop S. chinensis beverage. The beverage clarification conditions were: chitosan as clarifying agent, the dose of 0.05 g/L, the processing time of 4h. After sterilization, the beverage was stored in dark place at room temperature and measured the transmittance, total phenol content, total acid content and pH value weekly. Within four weeks, the clarified beverage's transmittance decreased by 1.71%, the control beverage's transmittance decreased by 4.36%, which showed that the stability of the clarified S. chinensis beverage was much better than that without clarifying treatment.