Effects Of Astaxanthin Levels In Dietary On Development And Reproductive Capacity Of GIFT Females (Oreochromis Niloticus)

Aquaculture and fisheries are sectors in constant growth.Therefore,it was necessary to develop techniques and methods for easy culturing,In addition to the importance of feed additive in developing aquaculture sector.Astaxanthin is keto-carotenoid which has advantages as anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation.As a widely used as feed additive,astaxanthin reveals its tremendous potential on the growth improving,development and reproductive performance of aquatic animals.In this study we have investigate the effects of different dietary astaxanthin supplementing levels on growth performance,liver antioxidant,blood physiological and biochemical characteristics,and gonads sections histology of GIFT female(Oreochromis niloticus)with aim to identify the effects of dietary astaxanthin supplementation on the development and reproductive capacity of GIFT female.A total of 120 healthy GIFT with an average body weight of(227 ± 0.3)g were randomly divided into 5 groups with 3 replicates per group and 24 fish per replicate.Fish in the 5groups were fed experimental diets supplemented with 0.00 %(control group),0.05 %,0.1 %,0.15 % and 0.2 % astaxanthin,respectively,and were cultured in the recirculating aquaculture system for 52 days.1.Effects of dietary astaxanthin levels on growth performance indices and somatic indices and hepatic antioxidant of GIFT Females(Oreochromis niloticus).In the study of effect of astaxanthin on growth performance indices and somatic indices of the GIFT female(O.niloticus).the result showed that the final body weight(FBW),feed conversation ratio(FCR),and specific growth rate(SGR)were significantly affected by the dietary astaxanthin levels(P < 0.05).where FCR showed the best result in level(0.02 %).SGR was increased significantly by the dietary astaxanthin(P < 0.05)from level T2(0.1 %)to T3(0.15 %).FBW was significantly increased by the dietary astaxanthin(P < 0.05)from level T2(0.1 %)to T3(0.15 %).For WGR was not significantly affected by dietary astaxanthin(P < 0.05)it showed high value in level(0.15 %,0.05 %,0.2 %)compared to control group(0.00 %).For somatic indices VSI,HIS and GSI were not significantly affected by dietary astaxanthin(P < 0.05).VSI showed high values in level(0.15 %,0.05%,0.1 %,0.2 %).HIS showed high values at(0.15 %,0.1 %,0.05 %,0.2 %).GSI showed high values at(0.2 %,0.1%,0.15 %,0.05 %).the superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),malondialdehyde(MDA)of liver are not significantly affected by dietary astaxanthin levels(P < 0.05).2.Effects of dietary astaxanthin levels on Hematological indices of GIFT females(Oreochromis niloticus).In the study of effect of astaxanthin on the Hematological indices of GIFT female(O.niloticus)the result showed that the hematological white blood cell(WBC)is significantly affected by dietary astaxanthin level(P < 0.05).The dietary astaxanthin increase significantly(P < 0.05)WBC from level T4(0.2 %)to T1(0.1 %),The hematological red blood cell(RBC),Hemoglobin(HGB)and Hematocrit(HCT)they were not significantly affected by dietary astaxanthin levels(P < 0.05).where RBC has high value in level(0.05 %,0.1 %,0.15 %,0.2 %)compared to control.for HGB has higher value in level(0.05 %,0.1 %,0.2 %,0.15 %)compared to control.HCT in level(0.2 %,0.1 %)has value higher than control and in level(0.15 %,0.05 %)has lower value than control.the serum Aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and Alanine aminotransferase(ALT)were not significantly affected by the dietary astaxanthin levels(P < 0.05).for ALT has higher value in level(0.2 %,0.05 %)than control and lower value in level(0.1 %,0.15 %)than control.AST has higher values in level(0.2 %,0.05 %)than control and lower value in level(0.15 %,0.1 %)than the control.The serum Total Protein(TP),Total Cholesterol(TC)and Triglyceride(TG)were significantly affected by dietary astaxanthin levels(P < 0.05).The serum TP significantly(P < 0.05)equal in level T3(0.15 %)and T2(0.1 %)increase significantly(P < 0.05)from T3(0.15 %)and T2(0.1 %)to T1(0.05 %).the serum TC increase significantly(P < 0.05)from T2(0.1 %)to T4(0.2%)and T1(0.05 %)respectively.The serum TG increase significantly(P < 0.05)from T2(0.1 %)to T1(0.05 %).3.Effects of dietary astaxanthin levels on sex steroid hormones indices and gonad histology of GIFT females(Oreochromis niloticus).The sex steroid hormones 17 β-estradiol hormone(E2),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)in serum were significantly affected by dietary astaxanthin levels(P < 0.05).E2 increase significantly(P < 0.05)from level T4(0.2 %)to T2(0.1 %),E2 has high value in level(0.1 %,0.15 %)than control and low value in level(0.05%,0.2%)than control.FSH increase significantly(P < 0.05)from T4(0.2 %)to T2(0.1 %)and T3(0.15 %),FSH has high value in level(0.15 %,0.1 %,0.05 %)than control and low value in level(0.2 %)than control.the sex steroid Testosterone(T),luteinizing hormone(LH),progestogen(P)they were not significantly affected by dietary astaxanthin levels(P < 0.05).Where LH and P they have high value in level(0.05 %,0.15 %,0.1 %)than control and low value in level(0.2%)than control,T has high value in level(0.15 %)than control and others level(0.05 %,0.1 %,0.2 %)they have lower value than control.In the study of effect of astaxanthin levels in gonad histology we found that using astaxanthin in level(0.15 %)and(0.2 %)improve the eggs quality,maturation,development.