| Shiitake mushroom has an important economic and medicinal value and is the most cultivated edible mushroom in China.As an important basic material for the development of the shiitake mushroom industry,the genetic diversity of cultivated strains of shiitake mushrooms is gradually getting smaller,while the genetic background of wild shiitake strains in China is gradually getting larger.The improvement of cultivated strain varieties using wild shiitake strains is a common method used in shiitake mushroom b reeding reports,but the discovery of wild genetic material of different genotypes from cultivated strains after genetic background examination has not been really used for cultivar improvement of cultivated strains of shiitake mushrooms for unclear reason s.Shiitake mushroom strain is a binucleate strain possessing a paternal origin of the nucleus and a maternal origin of the nucleus and cytoplasm.Under the common regulation of biparental genetic material and environmental factors,shiitake mushrooms woul d grow from mycelia into fruiting bodies and complete the whole growth and development process.At present,there are no reports on the effect of changes in the genetic material of the parents of shiitake mushrooms on the growth and development of offspring.Therefore,in this paper,based on the current status of nuclear and cytoplasmic genotyping of shiitake mushroom germplasm resources in China,16 populations heterozygous for wild-type and cultivated genetic materials were constructed.The genetic effects of different biparental genetic material fits and alterations on the growth and development of offspring were analyzed by nutritional stage,temperature changing stress,observation of morphological characteristics at the transchromatic and mushroom stages,monitoring of growth rate and alignment of agronomic traits.It is hoped that some wild-type genetic material can be mined for its feasibility in improving cultivars,as well as in screening focused stages and indexes for the detection of amphiphilic compatibility during single hybrid testing of later shiitake mushrooms.The main findings of this paper are as follows:(1)In the vegetative stage: the mycelial morphology of 16 cross progeny cultured on PDA medium for 20 d showed obvious regularity,16 strains composed 8 pairs of homokaryotic heteroplasia,the mycelial morphology of each pair of homokaryotic heteroplasia was highly consistent,and showed some differences between strains with different binucleate pairings;The morphology of the bacteroids was also highly congruent between the two strains belonging to the synuclear heterophylly in PDB medium,and in summary,it was concluded that the morphology among progeny with the same nucleus and different cytoplasm had many common features,indicating t hat the condition of binuclear pairing within the strains had the greatest effect on the morphogenesis of hyphae and bacteroids,followed by the effect of the cytoplasm.Hyphal growth rates in cross progeny were influenced by the presence of binucleate pai ring within the strain,with some of the cross progeny produced by specific mononuclear strains differing in 25 ℃ presented a specific fast and slow growth rate,for example,among the four strains with EFISAAS4965P2 as the parent strain,S15 was the fastest growth at 0-3 d,0-6 d,0-9 d of culture,and at the same time at 35 ℃ the mycelial growth rate was also the fastest in the recovery period after high-temperature stress.(2)In terms of variable temperature stress: 16 cross progeny at 4 ℃ chilling stress and the recovery period,whether analyzed in terms of paternal,maternal,or homokaryotic heteroplasmy,make it difficult to draw regular conclusions.At 35 ℃ the recovery period after high-temperature stress showed some differences among strains with different binucleate pairs,with seven out of eight pairs of homokaryotic heterogametes consisting of 16 progeny from intercrosses between 35 ℃ the mycelium resumed growth after the 5th d after high-temperature stress,among the pairs of homokaryotic heterophylly,S09 could not restore growth at all times,while S10 could restore growth as well as the other strains.The difference in the rate at which hyphae resumed growth between the parents and hybrid progeny after cold shock was small and not significantly correlated,and the 2 wild parents who underwent heat shock were unable to resume growth,as did the cultivated parent,who could resume growth but grew more slowly,whereas 15 of the hybrid progeny recovered,11 of which all grew significantly faster than the parents,This phenomenon illustrated that the strength of the antiwarming ability within a strain was not determined or influenced by a certain parent alone,and the binucleate pairing situation had the greatest influence on the hyphal antihype rthermia ability,meanwhile the cytoplasm played a minor influence.(3)At the transformation stage: by analyzing the bacteroid transformation proportion at 70 d,100 d and 130 d among the progeny of the cross,we found that this wild monocyte strain,EFISAAS5052P2,which was mated with cultivated monocyte EFISAAS4965P1 or EFISAAS4965P2,had a greater than 70% conversion proportion at70 d,whereas EFISAAS5052P1,a wild monocyte strain,was mated with cultivated monocyte EFISAAS4965P1 or EFISAAS4965P2,which was not mated with cultivated monocyte EFISAAS4965P1 or EFISAAS4965P2,Their progeny all showed less than 31%conversion at 70 d,and the two mononucleosomes from the same wild binucleate strain showed a significant difference in color transfer,so the introduction of wild nuclei would have a more pronounced effect on lentil color conversion;The progeny of cultivar mononuclear EFISAAS4965P1 mated with either wild-type mononuclear EFISAAS5798P1 or EFISAAS5798P2 exhibited greater than or equal to 65% conversion at 70 d,whereas the progeny of cultivar mononuclear EFISAAS4965P2 mated with either wild-type mononuclear EFISAAS5798P1 or EFISAAS5798P2 exhibited less than 31%conversion at 70 d,with both monokaryotes from the same cultivated binucleate strain exhibiting substantial differences in color conversion.In conclusion,in the single hybrid,the situation of binuclear pairing has the greatest effect on the transformation process of mushrooms,and both paired parents jointly regulate the transformation process of mushrooms,meanwhile,between the two parental nuclei,there is a certain parent cell nucleus that has a more obvious effect on the transformation process of shiitake mushrooms.The mycelia of the hybrid progeny in the pericarp all grew significantly faster than those of the wild parents,presumably because the hybrid progeny carried the genetic information of the cultivated parents and were more adapted to the artificial cultivation environment than the wild parents,the situation of color transformation in the hybrid progeny was better than or not significantly different from that of the parents and significantly worse than that of the respective parents by half,with no obvious regularity,Also imprinted the conclusion that " the two paired parents jointly regulate the coat color transfer process " drawn when the progeny of the cross were analyzed individually.(4)In the out mushroom stage: the progeny resulting from pairing cultivated mononucleated EFISAAS4965P2 with wild mononucleated EFISAAS5052P1,EFISAAS5798P1 did not produce mushrooms,while the progeny resulting from pairing cultivated mononucleated EFISAAS4965P1 with wild mononucleated EFISAAS5052P1,EFISAAS5798P1 did.At this time,it is tempting to speculate that the introduction of two mononucleated EFISAAS4965P2 from EFISAAS4965 would determine whether the strain could produce mushrooms,but also cultivated mononucleated EFISAAS4965P2 with wild mononucleated EFISAAS5052P2,EFISAAS5798P2 pairing the resulting progeny could give rise to mushrooms,so the situation of binuclear pairing within a strain had the greatest impact on whether a strain could give rise to mushrooms,and the effect of monokaryons from a certain parent was minor.The mushroom type is highly congruent for strains with the same binuclear pairing;The progeny resulting from pairing cultivated mononuclear EFISAAS4965P1 with wild mononuclear EFISAAS5052P1 gave rise to malformed mushrooms,while the progeny resulting from pairing with wild mononuclear EFISAAS5798P1 gave rise to normal mushrooms,so the binuclear pairing within a strain had the greatest effect on the lentiform,while the monokaryons from a certain parent played a major role.Among the 16 cross progeny,S03,S04,S11,S12 showed the best quality in comparison with other strains with an identical parent or an identical parent,respectively,and all four progeny mentioned above carried EFISAAS5052P2;Where S03 and S04 are a pair of homokaryons and S11 and S12 are a pair of homokaryons.Thus,the dinuclear pairing within a strain has the greatest impact on shiitake mushroom quality,and mononucleation from a certain parent has a minor impact.While the fruiting bodies of the wild parent EFASAAS5052 were malformed and the wild parent EFASAAS5798 could not produce mushrooms,most of the progeny obtained from the cross with the cultivated parent were improved,only two progeny fruiting bodies among the progeny were malformed,four strains could not produce mushrooms,and all the other ten strains could produce mushrooms normally,speculating that the genetic information of the cultivated parent carried by the heterozygous progeny improved the situation of the fruiting body malformations or not.In summary,the conclusions obtained from this experiment are summarized as follows: first,the introduction of wild-type genetic material has a positive effect on the improvement of high temperature tolerance performance,color conversion,and agronomic traits of the cultivated strains.Second,the biparental genetic material mainly affected mycelial morphology,high-temperature stress recovery ability,color conversion,and agronomic traits of the producing mushrooms in the hybrid progeny,with the highest influence from the nucleus,followed by the cytoplasm.In the single hybrid breeding of shiitake mushrooms,pairing of two parental nuclei had the greatest effect on the growth and development of the offspring.Third,the color switch and emerged mushrooms are the focused stages of dual affinity detection in the single hybrid process of shiitake mushrooms,and the high temperature tolerance performance can also be used as a screening indicator.Certain mononuclear strains have a high level of cooperation. |
PDF Full Text Request