Research On The Problems And Countermeasures Of Labor Protection For Chinese Pelagic Fishermen

The fishing and marine fishing industry is experiencing the far-reaching effects of economic globalization.Since the 1980 s,due to the fierce market competition and the continuous decrease of pelagic resources,many fishing companies have started to turn their eyes to the broader ocean such as the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean,bravely stepping into this magical deep blue area.In addition to the general characteristics of pelagic fisheries,pelagic fisheries also have problems such as single industrial structure,long operation cycle,high risk factor and insufficient logistic supply.The pelagic fishermen have been drifting at sea for a long time,and few people ask about their living conditions and labor security.In this paper,through combing domestic and foreign literature on the management of pelagic fishermen,labor conditions,living environment,welfare benefits,occupational health and safety,fishing vessel construction design,labor security,and social insurance security,and an in-depth investigation of the production and living conditions of pelagic fishermen in China,we find the current problems of labor security for marine fishermen,and at the same time,with the help of the successful management of labor security for pelagic fishermen by outstanding foreign scholars In view of these shortcomings,we propose feasible and effective suggestions for the labor security of pelagic fishermen in China based on our national conditions and rich theoretical and practical experiences at home and abroad.In order to find a more suitable way of labor protection for pelagic fishermen,the ocean-going pastoral of "going out,coming back and bringing in" will be more wonderfully performed in the deep blue area,so that pelagic fishermen can work in a decent way and realize the revitalization of fishery and the happiness of fishermen.In this paper,we studied the labor security of pelagic fishermen by using literature research method,questionnaire research method,and interview research method,and made suggestions and countermeasures on how to better manage and serve pelagic fishermen.After the research and interviews on the protection of the rights and interests of the pelagic fishermen on board,we found that the pelagic fishermen work long hours and do not have many vacations,the labor remuneration is not high and occasionally there are delays,the accommodation conditions are average and the meals are not balanced,the medical and health care and social security are not comprehensive,and the prevention of safety and health accidents is not in place.In the analysis of the above problems,this paper considers the following five reasons: Firstly,the substandard working conditions of pelagic fishermen may be due to the construction of fishing vessels and the lack of advanced fishing equipment;Secondly,the poor living conditions of pelagic fishermen,such as dirty and disorganized accommodation,single diet and lack of these problems may be caused by the special nature of pelagic fishing and the lack of construction of fishing vessels;Thirdly,because the labor market for offshore fishermen is not regulated,it allows some private intermediaries to take advantage of it and profit from both sides;Fourth,due to the weak awareness of the subjective rights of offshore fishermen,they are unaware of the violation of their legitimate rights and interests,and then the weak awareness of compliance of offshore fishing enterprises will lead to their violation of the legitimate rights and interests of offshore fishermen without any concern.Fifthly,the lack of awareness of supervision by the pelagic fishing associations can lead to the recklessness of some enterprises;the lagging legislation on the protection of pelagic fishermen has led to the situation of infringement of the labor protection of pelagic fishermen,which cannot be followed.Based on the above reasons,this paper proposes countermeasures to improve the protection mechanism for pelagic fishermen.First,improve labor productivity:implement a shift system,improve compensation and welfare,develop a safety management system,and establish a disease prevention system.Second,improve the living environment: upgrade the delivery standard of newly built fishing vessels,optimize the meal structure,and guarantee the supply of water for living.Third,regulate the labor market of pelagic fishing: develop a standardized model labor contract and design a special recruitment and training institution.Fourth,strengthen the awareness of risks and rights of pelagic fishermen and pelagic enterprises and pelagic fishery associations.Fifth,improve the labor protection system: improve legal laws,improve supervision mechanisms,and build a service-oriented government.