| With the introduction of the State Council’s Opinions on Promoting the High Quality Development of Animal Husbandry,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,as a major province in China’s animal husbandry industry,a sound forage supply system has become an urgent priority.China’s oat forage production and quality is far from meeting the current demand,still rely on imports,the lack of excellent forage oats germplasm resources is the main cause.Therefore,in this study,a total of 32 oat germplasm resources of forage varieties and self-bred combinations were examined for agronomic traits,yield and forage quality,Field identification was carried out in the Tumocheon Plain of Inner Mongolia,and a comprehensive evaluation was carried out using cluster analysis and principal component analysis to identify superior germplasm suitable for the climatic conditions of Inner Mongolia,with the following main findings:(1)Significant differences(P<0.05)in plant height,stem thickness and flag leaf area between the different oat germplasm resources,with fertility ranging from 76-107days for the germplasm resources tested,Plant height ranged from 69.10-127.37cm,with N18-3(124.67-127.37cm)having the highest plant height,significantly higher than controls CK1(Baiyan 7)and CK2(Mengyan 2)by 23.49%and 34.99%respectively.Stem thickness ranged from 4.04-5.29mm,with N18-3(4.99-5.28mm)having the highest stem thickness,which was not significantly different from CK1 and CK2.Flag leaf area ranged from 13.05-25.78 cm~2,with N18-27(24.70-25.78 cm~2)having the largest flag leaf area,significantly higher than CK1 and CK2,by 33.19%and 64.86%respectively.(2)The fresh grass yield of the test resources ranged from 30.90-56.25t/hm~2,with N18-3(55.74-56.25t/hm~2)having the highest fresh grass yield,significantly higher than CK1 and CK2,by 18.74%and 39.66%respectively.Hay yields ranged from9.86-15.54t/hm~2,with N18-26(15.05-15.08t/hm~2)having the highest hay yield,significantly higher than CK1 and CK2 by 10.56%and 17.28%respectively.Seed yields ranged from 2.03-5.04t/hm~2,with N18-3(4.88-4.61t/hm~2)significantly higher than CK1and CK2,by 10.47%and 29.78%respectively.According to the correlation of agronomic traits,grass yield was positively correlated with plant height,spike length and number of whorls,and seed yield was positively correlated with number of whorls,number of spikelets of the main spike,number of grains of the main spike,grain weight of the main spike and spike length,and negatively correlated with Number of empty bells.(3)Analysis of the forage quality of oats shows that the nutritional content of oats at maturity is slightly lower throughout the reproductive period.According to the oat hay quality grading standard,the crude protein,neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre of N19-17,N18-3 and N19-16 meet the requirements of grade 1 forage standard.N18-3(5.80-6.03%)had the highest crude fat content,significantly higher than CK1 and CK2,by 9.44%and 9.54%respectively.(4)Oat germplasm resources can be clustered into four major categories in terms of agronomic and quality traits.2021 Class III oats can be used as germplasm resources for selection and breeding of large-grain,high-yielding types,and Class IV oats can be used as germplasm resources for multi-spike types and high forage quality oats.2022 Material from germplasm category III can be used as a germplasm resource for selection and breeding of large grain dwarf,and category IV oats can be used as a germplasm resource for high yield and high forage quality.(5)Using principal component analysis for comprehensive evaluation and ranking,N19-17,N18-1,N19-1,N18-26,N18-3,N18-28 and N18-18 had the best overall performance.It can be used as a follow-up for further research on germplasm utilization and breeding of excellent germplasm resources for forage oats. |
