Resources Investigation And Quality Research Of Sarcandra Glabra (Thunb.) Nakai

Objective:Through the investigation of the current situation of wild and cultivated medicinal materials resources of Sarcandra glabra(Thunb.)Nakai in China,analysis of ecological suitability zoning of medicinal materials,the study of biological and microscopic characteristics,the quality of medicinal materials from different producing areas and the extraction process of medicinal materials,the biological characteristics,geographical distribution,community habitat characteristics,production status of medicinal materials,suitable distribution area of artificial planting,the best extraction process of medicinal materials,and the influence of environmental factors on the quality of medicinal materials were understood.It provides a scientific evidences for the reasonable exploitation and utilization of S.glabra medicinal resources in China.Methods:1.The wild and cultivated medicinal materials resources in the main distribution areas of S.glabra in China were investigated through literature query,market survey,interview survey and sample survey.The interview survey and market survey were mainly conducted in the farmers ’ markets,herbal stalls and Chinese herbal medicine acquisition sites in the natural geographical distribution areas of S.glabra in China.At the same time,the community characteristics of Sarcandra glabra in different producing areas were investigated by sample method to understand the distribution,habitat characteristics,wild resource reserves and artificial cultivation status of S.glabra.2.On the basis of extensive field investigation,the ecological suitability regionalization of S.glabra in China was studied.In this paper,the maximum entropy model(Max Ent)and GIS technology were used to analyze the information of S.glabra collection points and 67 environmental factors in China,to explore the influence of different environmental factors on the distribution of S.glabra,and to predict the potential distribution area and suitable distribution area of S.glabra.3.The traits and microscopic characteristics of S.glabra in different habitats and habitats were observed by traditional Chinese medicine trait identification and microscopic identification methods,and the traits and microscopic characteristics of S.glabra in different regions were compared.4.The content of rosmarinic acid and isofraxidin in S.glabra determined by HPLC was used as the index.The ultrasonic time,ultrasonic temperature,solid-liquid ratio and methanol volume fraction were investigated by single factor.Based on the results of single factor experiment,the range of each factor was optimized.The experimental scheme was designed by Box-Behnken response surface method.According to the design results of Box-Behnken response surface method,the entropy weight method was used to assign the weight of each index and calculate the comprehensive score.Taking the comprehensive score as the evaluation index,the Box-Behnken response surface method was used to optimize the extraction process of S.glabra,and the optimized extraction process was verified.5.The contents of rosmarinic acid and isofraxidin in 31 samples of S.glabra from different regions were determined by HPLC,and the contents of S.glabra in different regions were compared.Using SPSS 21 statistical software,the contents of rosmarinic acid and isofraxidin in S.glabra were analyzed by stepwise regression analysis with 67 environmental factors,and the relationship model between index components and ecological factors was established.At the same time,the spatial distribution of the content of index components in Sarcandra glabra was calculated by using geographic information system(Arc GIS)technology,and the spatial distribution results of the content of index components were combined with the results of ecological suitability zoning of Sarcandra glabra.Result:1.The vertical distribution range of wild medicinal resources of S.glabra is within the altitude of 50 ～ 2000 m,mainly distributed at the altitude of 250 ～ 950 m.Jiangxi,Guangxi,Guizhou,Hunan,Guangdong,Fujian and other places have more wild resources,and Guizhou,Guangxi,Jiangxi,Fujian,Sichuan,Guangdong and other places have a large scale of artificial planting.Wild S.glabra grows well in the valley,slope broad-leaved forest or coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest with better vegetation protection.It is often distributed in a punctate or small patchy community.Common associated plants are ginseng,coca,mountain chicken pepper,Lindera,Schima,Machilus,Ilex pubescens,Schisandra chinensis,Rubus corchorifolius,etc.The plant height,rhizome and biomass of wild S.glabra in different distribution areas and habitats were slightly different.Under certain habitat conditions,adventitious roots can grow on the stem nodes of Sarcandra glabra,which is the main asexual reproduction mode of Sarcandra glabra under natural conditions.The flowering period of Sarcandra glabra is from June to August,the fruiting period is from October to December,and the longest period is February of the next year.2.The results of Max Ent model prediction showed that the most suitable growth areas of S.glabra were distributed in Guangxi,Guangdong,Hunan,Yunnan,Guizhou,Fujian,Jiangxi and other places.The existing artificial planting areas of S.glabra were basically consistent with the results of suitable distribution analysis.The model predicted that the potential distribution area of Sarcandra glabra could reach1344872.98 square kilometers,and there was also a potential distribution area of S.glabra in the southwest of Tibet.Eight environmental factors such as precipitation in May,the driest month of the year,and precipitation in June are the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of Sarcandra S.glabra.3.Through the traits and microscopic identification of 31 S.glabra medicinal materials in different regions,it was found that there were some differences in the traits of S.glabra from different habitats and habitats,with a length of 60-150 cm and a diameter of 0.2-0.8 cm,which was longer than that recorded in the pharmacopoeia.At the same time,it was found that the leaf shape and size of S.glabra in different regions were obviously different.The leaves in Guangdong,Sichuan,Zhejiang and Chongqing were oval,the leaves in Sichuan,Zhejiang and Chongqing were large,and the leaves in Jiangxi,Hunan,Hubei and Guizhou were oval.The stem of S.glabra in Jiangxi area is thicker.Through microscopic observation,it was found that the number of stone cells in Hubei was significantly less than that in other regions.The number of stone cells in the powder of S.glabra produced in Ziyuan County,Guangxi was significantly more than that in other regions.Jiangxi Dayu had the most stone cell morphology,making the cell cavity extremely large or extremely small.Some fibers in Jiangxi Lichuan and Yunnan Yanjin powder contained secretions.Fujian Nanping,Guangxi Resources and Guizhou Sandu S.glabra powder contained the most starch granules.4.The optimum extraction parameters predicted by Box-Behnken response surface method were as follows : ultrasonic time 40.211 min,ultrasonic temperature45.741 °C,liquid-solid ratio 54.575 : 1,methanol volume fraction 70.081 %,comprehensive score M 0.999.Considering the actual situation,the optimum extraction process was determined as follows : ultrasonic time 40 min,methanol volume fraction 70 %,liquid-solid ratio 50 : 1,ultrasonic temperature 45 °C.The verification experiment results show that the deviation between the actual value and the predicted value of the comprehensive score is within ± 1 %.5.The results of HPLC determination and the results of suitable habitat division of S.glabra were analyzed,the quality zoning results of S.glabra were obtained.The results showed that the environmental elements that had a great efffect on the content of index components are mainly precipitation and temperature.In the suitable distribution range of S.glabra,the content of rosmarinic acid was higher in southern and southwestern Sichuan,southwestern Chongqing,central Guizhou,southwestern Jiangxi,southern Guangdong,southern Fujian and southern Guangxi.The content of isofraxidin was higher in most areas except for a small part of Sichuan and Yunnan.Conclusion:S.glabra is widely distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China.It is suitable for growth in Guangxi,Guangdong,Hunan,Jiangxi,Guizhou,Fujian and other places.At present,there are more wild resources in remote mountainous areas in Jiangxi,Guangxi,Guizhou,Hunan,Guangdong,Fujian and other places.In Guizhou,Guangxi,Jiangxi,Fujian,Sichuan,Guangdong and other places,the scale of artificial other places.The biological characteristics of wild Sarcandra glabra under different habitat conditions are quite different,and the differences in medicinal properties and microscopic characteristics of Sarcandra glabra in different producing areas are small.The environmental factors that have a great influence on the growth and quality of S.glabra are mainly precipitation and temperature.The high value distribution areas of index component content are mainly concentrated in Fujian,Guizhou,Yunnan,Jiangxi,Guangxi and other regions.Based on the environmental factors and the contents of rosmarinic acid and isofraxidin in S.glabra,this study explored the suitable growth areas and high-quality areas of S.glabra,and provided scientific basis for the production of high-quality medicinal materials and the selection of suitable areas for standardized planting of S.glabra.