Study On Pollination Effect Of Bombus Terrestris On Tomato In Facility Cultivation

Facility cultivation is the main type of tomato cultivation in China,which mainly uses chemical hormone treatment of flowers to promote facility tomato set fruit.However,because of the time consuming,poor quality and low yield of tomatoes from this method,it can not meet the needs of modern facility agriculture in China.Bumblebees are highly efficient pollinators.In order to clarify the pollination effect of bumblebees on facility cultivated tomatoes,this study studied the pollination behavior and pollination efficiency of bumblebees on greenhouse tomatoes based on the main facility type in China-solar greenhouse,and determined the influence of bumble bees pollination on fruit traits and yield of greenhouse tomatoes and the dependence of facility tomatoes on bumblebees pollination.The main results are as follows:1.Pollination behavior of bumblebees on facility cultivated tomatoes 。Bumblebees spent significantly longer on unvisited flowers(15.23±0.96 seconds)than tomato flowers that had been visited(5.46±0.24 seconds)(t=-19.92,P<0.01);they spent significantly more time foraging in the morning(51±1.01 minutes)than in the afternoon(28±2.48 minutes)(t=-19.92,P<0.01).2.Pollination efficiency of different bumblebee densities at tomato facility cultivation the initial,beginning and full flowering phase.It was found that when the density of 15 bumblebees /800 ㎡,the flower visiting rate was more than 70% in the full flowering phase,which could meet the production requirements.The results showed that 15 bumblebees could meet the pollination requirements of 800 ㎡ facility tomato。When the density of bumblebees increased to 20,100% of the flowers were visited.3.Effect of bumblebees on pollination of tomato facility cultivation.In terms of fruit characters,the fruit size,single fruit weight and seeds number of tomato from bumblebee pollinated were significantly higher than those of hormone treatment and control(P<0.05).In terms of yield,the total yield of bumblebee pollination treatment was 16% and 438% higher than that of hormone treatment and control,respectively.According to the rate of malformed fruit in different treatments,the rate of malformed fruit in bumblebee pollination treatment was 17.54% lower than that under hormone treatment.4.The dependence degree of facility tomato on bumblebee pollination.The dependence degree of facility tomato on bumblebee pollination and hormone was 0.81 and respectively,both of which were highly dependent.5.Bumblebee pollination reduced the incidence of gray mold in tomato fruits.Based on the rate of petal shedding within 15 days of bumblebee pollination and hormone use,the petal shedding rate of bumblebee pollination treatment was 97.00%,while the petal shedding rate of hormone spray treatment was only 1.7%(P<0.001)。In terms of the incidence rate of gray mold,the rates of gray mold in bumblebee pollination and hormone treatment were 18.3% and 40.2%,respectively 。 The incidence of bumblebee pollination was significantly lower than that of hormone spray(P < 0.001),indicating that bumblebee pollination could effectively reduce the incidence of gray mold on tomato fruits.6.Validation of bumblebee pollination techniques in facility cultivated tomato.After evaluating the pollination effect and economic benefits of tomatoes in the greenhouse,The pollination effect of 15 bumblebees on 800 ㎡ facility tomato was determined.Using bumblebees to pollinate for tomatoes,135～670 yuan can be saved in 800 ㎡ greenhousecompared with hormone spraying.In conclusion,bumblebees can be used to pollinate facility tomato.