| Gardeniae Fructus is the dried fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis,which is distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of the Eastern Hemisphere,and cultivated in the south-central part of China.In the past,people did not pay attention to the impact of collecting and processing of the Gardenia jasminoides Ellis,resulting in some problems such as empirical collecting and processing,random storage to decay,etc.,It has too many drawbacks such as too long drying time,susceptible to weather and environmental conditions,no qualitative standards,not suitable for industrial production,easy to cause structural damage to the effective ingredients,etc..Nowadays,the research on collecting and processing of the Gardenia jasminoides Ellis generally has the problems that the indicators are not comprehensively enough and the evaluation methods is relatively simple.Therefore,it is extremely urgent to establish a systematic comprehensive standard for the collecting and processing of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis using multi-index components.The traditional harvest period of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis was from September to November.According to the survey,the harvesting time of different producing areas is not the same,and the actually harvesting time is earlier than September or later than November.In order to solve this problem,we used the multi-index comprehensive evaluation analysis method to clarify the suitable harvest period of the Gardenia jasminoides Ellis.The quality of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis in different drying methods was evaluated from the perspectives of moisture removal and effective component content,Through the curve fitting of the dynamic process of moisture removal in medlar and the principal component analysis of multi-functional components.such works can provide a basis for the prediction,regulation,evalution of the collecting and processing of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis.We also analyzed and compared the chemical constituents differences of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis.From Fujian Fuding and Jiangxi Shangrao,Gardenia jasminoides Ellis and Gardenia jasminoides Ellis f.longicarpa Z.W.Xie et Okada,by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS combined with plant metabolomics technology.It will provides a new approach for the quality assessment of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis.The research mainly included the following contents:1.Multi-index comprehensive analysis of suitable harvest period of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis.The fruit samples of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis were collected at the time point of August 1,2017;August 15,2017;September 1,2017,September 15,2017,October 1,2017,October 15,2017,November 1,2017,November 15,2017,December 4,2017.And the contents of geniposide,genipin-l-β-gentiobioside,rutin,chlorogenic acid,crocin Ⅰ and crocin Ⅱ were determined.The results showed that the content of geniposide decreased first and then increased with the passage of time.The content of genipin-1-β-gentiobioside increased first and then decreased.it may be due to the geniposide changed into other iridoid glycoside ingredients at the time of ripening.The content of crocin Ⅰ and crocin Ⅱ increased with fruit ripening,peaked around November 15 and decreased slightly after December.According to the results of the gray correlation evaluation,the suitable harvest time was in November 15.2.Modeling of the moisture dynamic process of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis.In order to investigated the effects of hot air drying,infrared drying,vacuum drying and drying temperature on the moisture removal and quality of the Gardenia jasminoides Ellis drying process,The Weibull distribution function was used to fit the drying kinetic curve.The result showed that the Weibull distribution function could fit the drying kinetic curve of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis(R2=0.9936～0.9998).The process of infrared drying belonged to speed reduction drying(β<1),and the dehydration rate of vacuum drying and hot air drying increased first and then decreased(β>1).The value of scale parameter a decreased with the increased of drying temperature,and different drying methods also have a greater impact on the value of scale parameter α,but the difference of the value of scale parameter a decreased with the increased of temperature.The drying activation energy of hot air drying,infrared drying,vacuum drying were 40.74,54.73,87.46 kJ/mol,respectively.Combining the moisture removal with energy consumption,The best drying method for Gardenia jasminoides Ellis is hot air 70℃.3.Multi-index comprehensive evaluation to optimize the drying process of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis.To select the best drying process of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis The drying process was simulated as killing after drying,then 70 drying processes were prepared.The content of the six chemical indicators included geniposide,genipin-1-β-gentiobioside,crocin Ⅰ,crocin Ⅱ,chlorogenic acid and rutin was used as the evaluation index.The traditional processed samples were used as the control.The principal component analysis method was used to comprehensively evaluate the optimal processing method.The best drying method was selected as the drying method of hot air drying with 60℃ after microwave killing with 30 s,integrating comprehensive multi-index active ingredient principal component analysis evaluation results,drying efficiency,energy consumption cost and finished product trait.4.Quality Evaluation of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis Based on HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS Analysis Combined with Metabolomics AnalysisIn this experiment,HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS combined with metabolomics multivariate statistical analysis technology was used.Analysis of chemical composition differences between Gardenia jasminoides Ellis Samples From Fujian Fuding and Jiangxi Shangrao,Gardenia jasminoides Ellis Samples and Gardenia jasminoides Ellis f.longicarpa Z.W.Xie et Okada Combined study of literature at home and abroad and comparison with the database,39 different chemical components were identified through the mass spectrometry data.At the same time,PCA and OPLS-DA analysis were used to identified the differential chemical components of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis.In this study,the samples were divided into three groups,namely,Gardenia jasminoides Ellis.Samples from Fujian Fuding,Gardenia jasminoides Ellis.Samples from Jiangxi Shangrao,and samples of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis f.longicarpa Z.W.Xie et Okada.Then multivariate statistical analysis of metabolomics was carried out.The results of PCA statistical analysis showed that the three groups of samples f were distributed in different regions,and the three groups were clearly distinguished by the PCA t[1]axis,The clustering effect was ideal,Which meaned chemical composition of three groups of samples is significantly different.The OPLS-DA multivariate analysis further revealed the differences between Gardenia jasminoides Ellis samples from Fujian Fuding and Jiangxi Shangrao and samples of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis f.longicarpa Z.W.Xie et Okada.And four markers were selected which could used for the identification of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis and Gardenia jasminoides Ellis f.longicarpa Z.W.Xie et Okada.The OPLS-DA multivariate analysis revealed the differences between Gardenia jasminoides Ellis samples from Fujian Fuding and Jiangxi Shangrao,one marker was selected which could used for the identification of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis rom Fujian Fuding and Jiangxi Shangrao. |
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