Evaluation And Analysis Of Farmland Ginseng Quality

Ginseng(Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer)is an herb of the Araliaceae family,and is known as the "King of Herbs".Contains ginsenosides,vitamins,amino acids and other active substances,has the effect of invigorating vitality,promoting body fluid and nourishing blood,and is used for the treatment of cancer,diabetes and other diseases.Modern pharmacological studies have shown that the therapeutic effect of ginseng is mainly attributed to its saponins.Farmland ginseng is ginseng cultivated in farmland.With the increasing demand for ginseng,farmland ginseng will be the main source of ginseng supply.Up to now,there are few studies on the quality evaluation of farmland ginseng,which affects the clinical drug safety of farmland ginseng to a certain extent.And analyze the factors affecting the quality of farmland ginseng.The factors related to the quality of farmland ginseng were explored,and the formation mechanism of ginseng quality was preliminarily analyzed.The main results are as follows:1.There were differences in the contents of ginsenosides in different tissues and organs of 4 and 5-year-old farmland ginseng,and the total saponins contents in roots and periderm were higher.The content of total saponins in phloem,xylem and stem was lower,and the distribution of ginsenosides in different tissues and organs of ginseng was not uniform.The saponin content of 4 and 5-year-old farmland ginseng has reached the 2020 edition of the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" and can be used as medicine.Farmland cultivation of ginseng will be the main model for the development of the ginseng industry in the future.2.The microbial composition of different organs of ginseng was different.The root had the highest diversity and richness of the endophytic bacterial community(p<0.05).The diversity of the endophytic fungal community was less affected by the organ,and the diversity did not change significantly.The endophytic bacteria of the genus Cupriavidus and Sphingomonas were positively correlated with the content of ginsenoside Rg3,and unknown bacteria in the family Burkholderia,Ochrobactrum,Brevundimonas and ginsenoside Rf,Rc and Rb2 content were negatively correlated;fungus Cadophora was positively correlated with ginsenoside Rc,Rf content,Aspergillus and Simplicillium were negatively correlated with ginsenoside Rg1,Re,Rb1 content.3.The number of bacterial species in soil microbes of ginseng was higher than that of fungi,and there were differences in the composition of soil microbes in 4-and5-year-old rhizosphere soils.Pseudolabrys was positively correlated with the contents of ginsenosides Rb1 and Rc;Archaeorhizomyces was positively correlated with the contents of ginsenosides Re,Rb1,Rc and Rd,and Mortierella was negatively correlated with the contents of ginsenosides Rh2.4.Transcriptome analysis showed that differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in cellular processes,metabolic processes,and response to stimuli;act on cell membranes and cells;perform catalytic and transporter activities.It was found that22,387 genes were positively correlated with the content of ginsenosides.KEGG enrichment analysis was performed on the genes in the significantly correlated modules,which were mainly annotated in the pathways of sesquiterpene and triterpenoid biosynthesis,terpenoid biosynthesis,and tyrosine metabolism.