| Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.)Baill belongs to a medicinal plant from Schizandra and Magnoliaceae.As a traditional herbal medicine,it is used to treat cough,insomnia and dreaminess,asthma,spermatorrhea,spontaneous sweating,thirst,palpitations and other diseases related to nervous system and kidney.The drug is recorded in International Pharmacopoeia,Chinese Pharmacopoeia,Japanese Pharmacopoeia,Korean Pharmacopoeia,American Pharmacopoeia and Russian Pharmacopoeia.Schisandra chinensis has liver protection,neuroprotection,cardiovascular protection,glucose and lipid regulation,anti-cancer,and other therapeutic effects according to modern medicine.Studies on chemical constituents showed that not only the non-medicinal parts of fruits,such as rattan stems and fruit stalks,but also rich in active components.These active components mainly include lignans,polysaccharides,volatile oils,etc.Cisplatin is a widely used anti-tumor drug in clinic at present,which has a good effect on the treatment of multiple organ malignant tumors.However,its use is limited to a great extent because of its serious side effects.Recent studies have shown that its toxic effect on male reproductive system is one of the main reasons for limiting its use.However,lignans contained in the non-medicinal parts of Schisandra chinensis can effectively improve this phenomenon.1.Analysis of chemical constituents in non-medicinal parts of Schisandra chinensisThe rattan stem and fruit stem of Schisandra chinensis were taken as the representative parts of non-medicinal parts.The lignans were detected by HPLC,the volatile oils were detected by GC-MS,and the total polysaccharides were detected by phenol-concentrated sulfuric acid method.The contents in fruits and non-medicinal parts were compared.The results showed that the total lignans in the stem and stem of Schisandra chinensis were 10.201 mg/g,4.359 mg/g and 3.219 mg\ g,respectively.Compared with those in the fruit,the total lignans in the stem and stem of Schisandra chinensis were 10.201 mg/g,4.359 mg/g and 3.219 mg\ g.The total polysaccharide content was 3.98 mg/g,1.92 mg/g and 1.67 mg/g.The above results showed that the lignan content in the stems of M.schisandra was higher.According to literature reports and preliminary experiments,lignans in S.schisandra had good pharmacological activity,so later lignans in stems of S.schisandra were taken as the main research object.2.Optimization of ultra-high pressure extraction technology of Schisandra chinensis rattanFirst of all,the lignin components of Schisandra chinensis stems from different habitats and years were detected by HPLC.It was found that there was a certain relationship between lignin components in Schisandra chinensis rattan and habitats.The highest content of lignin in Schisandra chinensis rattan in Longjing area was 6.89 mg/g,and the lowest content was 4.17mg/g in Dunhua area.Taking pressure,holding time and pressure as variables,the optimum extraction technology of Schisandra chinensis rattan by ultra-high pressure extraction was optimized by Box-Behnken method.The optimum extraction conditions were determined: the pressure was 450 Mpa,the holding time was 4min,the solid-liquid ratio was 1: 40,and the extraction rate reached 0.39%.3.Ameliorative effect and mechanism of Schisandra chinensis rattan extract(SCE)on spermatogenic dysfunction induced by Cisplatin in miceCisplatin was used to induce spermatogenic dysfunction in male mice,and the effect of SCE on spermatogenic dysfunction in mice was investigated.The results showed that SCE could improve the spermatogenic disturbance induced by Cisplatin at the dosage of 300mg/kg.It can reverse the phenomenon of sperm count decline and sperm deformity caused by Cisplatin.At the same time,Cisplatin-induced oxidative stress injury in testis can be improved by reducing malondialdehyde(MDA)and nitric oxide(NO)levels,increasing catalase(CAT),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and total superoxide dismutase(SOD)levels,and increasing Nrf2/HO-1 levels in testis.SCE can also inhibit apoptosis by regulating the expression of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and its downstream protein caspase 3.In addition,the regulation of MAPK signaling pathway can affect the disorder of hormone secretion in testis induced by Cisplatin,and increase the level of Testosterone T in mice by increasing the expression of17βHSD,cycp450 and Star protein.meanwhile,the levels of prolactin(PRL)and Luteinizing hormone(LH)and Follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)were increased,while the levels of Luteinizing hormone LH and Follicle stimulating hormone FSH were decreased.These results indicate that SCE can effectively improve the spermatogenesis disorder caused by Cisplatin.4.Ameliorative effect of Schisandrol B on Cisplatin-induced TM3 cell injuryBased on the above studies,it is found that SCE can obviously improve the spermatogenesis disorder induced by Cisplatin in mice.In order to further explore its specific mechanism,we used 40μM Cisplatin to cause TM3 damage through in vitro experiments,and explored the improvement effect and mechanism of lignans in Schisandra chinensis on TM3 cells.Firstly,the safety and efficacy of Schisandrol A,Schisandrol B,Schisantherin A,Schisantherin B,Schizandrin A,Schizandrin B,Schizandrin C were screened and evaluated.The results showed that Schisandrol B(Sol B)had the best efficacy.It was found that Sol B could improve oxidative stress induced by Cisplatin by regulating Nrf2/HO-1 protein in TM3 cells.In addition,the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins,Erk,17βHSD,cycp450 and Star proteins improved apoptosis and testosterone synthesis disorder. |
