| "Shenbao" is the longest and most influential Chinese newspaper in Chinese modern history.Its supplement "Movie Special" published from November 1,1932 to April 30,1935 also plays an significant role in the history of Chinese cinema.Unlike the "niche publications" and "subsidiary publications" that appeared in the 1920 s,newspaper supplements rely on the newspaper’s large readership and the relatively strong capital supports.Newspaper movie supplements are more capable of attracting public participation in content production and distribution than other kinds of movie publications.And because the capital of newspaper supplements often has a "third-party" nature relative to the film industry,it is difficult for it to become a propaganda tool,and thus has a public open forum nature.After the "January 28" incident in 1932,various changes within the film industry directly led to an increase demand of society for film publications with public sphere attributes.A supplement,the "Movie Special",came into being.The reform activities of the 60 th anniversary of the founding of Shenbao in 1932,as well as the emerging film criticism movement that began in 1932,also had a direct impact on the establishment of the "Movie Special".Taking February 1933 as the historical division point,the historical process of "Movie Special" is obviously divided into two stages.Prior to February 1933,the "Movie Special" had shown a strong nature of public forums,its speech manifested strong nationalist characteristics,and criticized the realism expression of domestic films.In general,the critical spirit of "Movie Special" is relatively weak.After February 1933,Shi Linghe,a member of the Communist Party of China,began to act as the editor of the "Movie Special".This is the time for the rise of the "Chinese Film Culture Movement",and the Communist Party of China has strengthened its leadership of film work,especially for film criticism.Shi Linghe soon became a member of the "film group" which is directly led by the CPC Central Committee Cultural Committee.Various complicated factors have caused a clear left-wing transition in the public sphere of the Film Special Issue.Left-wing film critics such as Wang Chenwu,Tang Na,and Yu Ling became contributors to the "Movie Special" through Shi Linghe’s relationship,and published a large number of film reviews with anti-imperialist,anti-feudal,and anti-capitalist tendencies.At the same time,the open forum nature of the "Movie Special" has also been reinforced,which is fully embodied in the "public opinion" mode of film criticism,the discussion of the film criticism standards in 1933,and the "Popular Language Film" debate in1934.From the perspective of Habermas’ s "public sphere" theory,we can examine the historical data of the "Special Movie",and we can approach the movie scene in the mass media in the 1930 s and re-recognize the mechanism of film criticism.And re-recognize the relationship between left-wing movie critics and left-wing movies in this period.By combing and analyzing the debate on "Film Criticism Standards" in1933 and the "Popular Language Film" in 1934,we can discover the historical dilemma of left-wing film theory and concepts.These studies are a tiny local practice for the grand proposition of "rewriting the history of film". |
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