Research On Sino-foreign Capital Relations In Shandong Cotton Spinning Industry At The End Of The Qing Dynasty And Early Min

In terms of modern China’s social economy,the cotton spinning industry has always been a key area for foreign capital penetration.After the Sino-Japanese War,the opening of Qingdao Port caused foreign capital to pour into the Shandong market and infiltrate based on foreign yarn.The capital relations between China and foreign countries have undergone qualitative changes with World War I as the node.Before the European War,Chinese and foreign capital focused on the trade-led commodity circulation market,with Chinese commercial capital represented by commercial firm relying on "local advantages" to occupy the dominant position,and foreign commercial companys relying on Chinese businessmen to survive because of " Incompatibility of the local environment ".After World War I,Japan became an East Asian power,Qingdao became the sphere of influence of Japanese imperialism,and the relationship between Chinese and foreign capital underwent obvious changes.The capital of Japan’s cotton textile industry combined with various domestic forces to expand the spinning mill in Qingdao,and suppressed the national cotton textile industry by means such as price wars.Due to the weak foundation and lack of a good industrial and commercial development environment,Chinese capital has lost its early advantages in the conversion to industrial capital,.In the face of the expansion and suppression of Japanese capital,Chinese-funded spinning mills fought back by actively updating production equipment and striving to open up new markets,and launched effective competition with Japanese capital.In addition,due to the influence of multiple social factors,the aggregation trend of Chinese and foreign capital shows obvious regional characteristics.While foreign investment is gathering mainly in Qingdao Port,it is expanding into the hinterland of Qingdao.Under the restraint of Chinese-funded spinning mills,Chinese and foreign capital forces have shown the characteristics of "strong in the east and weak in the west."In terms of historical influence,Chinese and foreign capital has both a triggering and a restraining effect on the modern Shandong economy.From an unfavorable point of view,foreign capital competition has squeezed out the market space of national spinning mills represented by Huaxin Mill,and seriously hindered the normal development of modern Shandong national cotton spinning industry.In order to maximize the surplus value,Chinese-owned mills intensified the exploitation of workers and triggered workers’ revolt.On the other hand,foreign competition has a triggering effect on the transformation and upgrading of the national cotton textile industry,which not only stimulates the development of weaving industry,printing and dyeing related industries,but also promotes the rise of industrial and commercial cities such as Qingdao,and greatly promotes the urbanization process of modern Shandong.