A Research On Tashan Culture

In the middle of Yangshao(仰韶)Period,Majiabang culture and Songze culture in Taihu(太湖)region invaded Ningshao(宁绍)Plain and communicated with local Hemudu(河姆渡)culture in Ningshao Plain.The strong export of Majiabang(马家浜)culture and Songze(崧泽)culture made the remains represented by the third and fourth stages of Hemudu Site contain various cultural factors,such as Hemudu culture,Majiabang culture and Songze culture,and the cultural features are complicated and difficult to distinguish.The academic circle has not reached a conclusion so far.Hemudu culture,named after Hemudu Site,is an important link in the archaeological culture pedigree of Qiantang River(钱塘江)and Hangzhou Bay(杭州湾)area,and also a key node to explore cultural exchanges between the south and north sides of Hangzhou Bay.Therefore,it is necessary to re-discuss the archaeological cultural connotation and characteristics of the remains of Hemudu Site in the third and fourth stages,and find out its cultural attributes,which is of great significance for the study of the cultural pattern of Yangshao era in Ningshao area and the development dynamics of prehistoric culture around Hangzhou Bay area.On the basis of previous studies,combined with the latest published research materials,on the basis of basic methods such as archaeological stratigraphy and archeological typology,this paper uses methods such as cultural factor analysis to sort out the archaeological materials of the third and fourth stages of Hemudu Site found in Ningshao area,and re-study the remains represented by the third and fourth stages of Hemudu Site,in order to clarify their cultural attributes.Through research,this paper redivides the Hemudu site into one to five sections.It is found that the typical relics in the first to third sections of Hemudu Site are the pottery with bossed Fu(釜),Qi Zuo(器座),solid Fu Zhizuo(釜支座),binaural pot(罐),arc belly basin(盆),folding plate(盘),Dou(豆)which is like disc,Bo(钵)of single ear,straight belly Bo,etc.The fourth and fifth sections of the relics are typical pottery such as the Fu with polygonous oral area,Fu with bundle neck,Fu with disc-liked mouth,Ding with Fuliked body(釜形鼎),hollow Fu Zhizuo,the folded belly basin,Dou with thin and high handle,and Dou with knobby handle.It is believed that the relics of the first to third sections of Hemudu Site are closely related to the Hemudu culture,while the relics of the fourth and fifth sections are different from the Hemudu culture and have their own characteristics,so they belong to another independent archaeological culture.Different from Hemudu culture distributed in the Yaojiang(姚江)Valley,this culture was widely distributed in Ningshao Plain and Zhoushan Archipelago(舟山群岛)area.The assemblage of utensils is a combination of Fu with polygonous oral area,Fu with bundle neck,Fu with disc-liked mouth,Ding with Fu-liked body,hollow Fu Zhizuo,the folded belly basin,Dou with thin and high handle,Dou with knobby handle,and Gui(簋).This kind of remains was first identified in Hemudu site,but because Hemudu culture has been named after Hemudu Site,it is easy to be confused.Besides Hemudu Site,Tashan(塔山)Site is a typical site where such relics were found earlier,so we call it Tashan culture and divide it into two stages and three stages.On this basis,it is pointed out that the main source of Tashan culture is the local Hemudu culture,and it inherits and develops the relic of cross-lake bridge culture in Hemudu culture.At the same time,it is deeply influenced by the late Majiabang culture and Songze culture around Taihu Lake area,and absorbs the type factors of Loujiaqiao in Puyang River basin.On this basis,it forms a unique cultural appearance.However,after entering the Liangzhu(良渚)culture stage,the cultural characteristics of this region disappeared.Then,the absolute chronology of Tashan culture was set as 4100-3300 BC.In addition,it is found that while Tashan culture is influenced by Majiabang culture,Songze culture in the Taihu Lake area and Loujiaqiao type Puyang River(浦阳江)basin,Majiabang culture,Songze culture and Loujiaqiao type are also influenced by Tashan culture,but this influence is relatively weak.