| The word "nature" comes from Lao Zi,in which "nature" is a concept associated with "Tao",meaning that everything in the world is natural according to its own laws.Laozi’s thought of "nature" is the unity of conforming to nature and governing without action.Zhuangzi then introduced "nature" into the cultivation of the individual’s mind.He regarded "nature" as the pursuit of each individual’s personality.He believed that people should not only keep their own nature,but also not change the nature of other things in nature.Lao Zhuang’s view of nature not only plays a very important role in the history of Chinese philosophy,but also has a great influence on Chinese aesthetics.Especially in the Period of Wei,Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties,under the interpretation and influence of metaphysics,Lao Zhuang’s concept of "nature" was gradually endowed with aesthetic significance and became one of the most basic categories in the Chinese aesthetic ideological system.In this process of transformation,Guo Xiang’s Zhuangzi notes and his transformation of Lao Zhuang,especially zhuangzi’s concept of "nature" are of great value.Guo Xiang in the "chuang tzu" "enriched and developed the connotation of the category of" natural"in the zhuangzi thoughts,creatively puts forward the concept of" individualization ",dispelling the concept based on the "no",on the basis of the zhuangzi thought is further evidence that the own existence the independence of all things,believe that on which something is dependent on the basis of "to be","stay" is not dependent,And because things exist without cause or basis,the existence and change of things themselves are self-evident and self-evident.But on the other hand,if all things want to show themselves,they cannot do without people’s sensory experience.Only through people’s sensory experience can materiality become people’s aesthetic object.Therefore,the process of "individualization" of all things can also be understood as the image presentation in aesthetic experience.In addition,Guo Xiang also made a new interpretation of the spiritual realm of metaphysics.He redefined and explained the concept of "xuanming",and held that the realm of xuanming is not only the generation and manifestation of things themselves,but also the spiritual world constituted by human mind,which can be said to be a materialized spiritual world.Secondly,Guo Xiang discussed the relationship between "nature" and"principle",holding that the relationship between "principle" and "nature" is inseparable.It can be said that "nature" contains the concept of "principle",namely the so-called "principle of nature".In Zhuangzi’s Notes,Guo Xiang achieved the transformation and transcendence of Zhuangzi’s view of nature,and constructed a new naturalistic philosophy with his unique understanding of "nature".The original part of Guo Xiang’s thought profoundly influenced the scholars’ natural aesthetics,personality aesthetics and artistic aesthetics,and deeply penetrated into the later works of music theory,calligraphy theory,painting theory,literary theory,poetry theory and so on.Since wei and Jin Dynasties,Chinese aesthetics regarded "nature"as the highest level of aesthetics and art.Although it originated from Lao Zhuang’s philosophy before Qin Dynasty,it was also closely related to Guo Xiang’s elucidations of the concept of "nature".Moreover,in terms of the development of Later Chinese aesthetics,the innovation and development of Guo Xiang’s philosophy in the fields of ontology and phenomenology also laid a foundation for the emergence of the later theory of artistic conception,because the highest stipulation of Chinese aesthetics on "artistic conception" is actually "nature". |
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