The Study On The Tense And Aspect System Of Zhoucun Dialect

"Tense" and "aspect" in modern Chinese are two grammatical categories closely related to the temporality of language.Since the 1940s,the academic community has been paying more attention to the issue of the tense and aspect in Chinese.The Zhoucun dialect is an important component of the Zhangli Section of Jilu Mandarin,with abundant tense and aspect markers within the dialect.Studying the tense and aspect system is conducive to further deepening the study of Zhoucun dialect,and can also provide more materials for cross dialect research on the tense and aspect system of Chinese.The research is divided into four chapters.Chapters 1 to 2 explore the aspect system of Zhoucun dialect,Chapter 3 explores the emotional appearance system of Zhoucun dialect,and Chapter 4 explores the tense system of the Zhoucun dialect.The first two chapters divide the aspect category into the complete one and incomplete one based on different perspectives of observation events.The first chapter describes the complete markers of the Zhoucun dialect.Firstly,based on the different times of external observation viewpoints of the events in sentence,the complete aspect of Zhoucun dialect can be divided into two types:the perfective aspect and the experiential aspect.Among them,there are three types of perfective markers:"Lao""De" and "Xia1”;The experiential markers include "Guo" and "Hui".The second chapter is about the incomplete aspect of Zhoucun dialect.According to the different times of observation viewpoints within the action or event process,the incomplete aspect includes four types:starting aspect,imperfective aspect,progressive aspect and achievement aspect.The starting marker includes "Qi,Qilai" and "Kai",the imperfective marker includes"Zhe",progressive marker is "Lai1”,and the achievement marker with "Shang".Secondly,a detailed analysis is conducted on the grammatical functions of individual markers within the aspect system,based on the verb characteristics of the sentence where the aspect marker is located and the predicate modality type.At the same time,compare individual markers with similar aspect markers in Mandarin or other dialects at a synchronic level to explore the characteristics of Zhoucun dialect.Chapter 3 explores the emotional appearance of the Zhoucun dialect.According to the subjective feelings and emotions of the action subject or speaker,the emotional appearance of the Zhoucun dialect can be divided into three types:short-term appearance,attempted appearance and repeated appearance.Short-term appearance includes three formats:"V/A+(Yi)Sha","VV/AA",and "V/A Yi V/A".Attempted appearance includes three formats:"VV/AA","VV/AA+Lai2" and "V/A+Xia2".The repeated appearance includes five formats:"V/A Lai V/A Qu","V/A+Lao+V/A","V1V1V2V2 or A1A1A2A2","V/A A V/A De",and "Yi V/A Yi V/A".By comparing the grammatical function and usage environment of the appearance format in Zhoucun dialect with other dialects,it is found that the usage environment and appearance meaning of the same appearance format in different dialects have their own characteristics.The fourth chapter mainly studies the tense system of Zhoucun dialect.This system belongs to the relative tense system,which includes three subsystems:anterior,simple and posterior.The anterior is represented by the tense auxiliary word "Lai",the simple is represented by the tense auxiliary word and the modal particle "Lan",and the posterior is represented by the tense auxiliary word "Ei".Due to the correlation between the tense category and the entire sentence event proposition,tense markers also play a role in sentence formation.Therefore,Chapter 4 focuses on the relationship between sentence types and tense markers.Through cross dialect comparison,it can be found that the specific differences in aspect markers between Zhoucun dialect and other dialects are mainly reflected in the degree of virtualization,which in turn affects the use of aspect markers in sentences.There are grammatical differences in appearance format,which result in different grammatical meanings for the same grammatical form.Compared with Southeast dialects,the emotional appearance category of Zhoucun dialect is not well-developed,and the scope of use of various emotional appearance formats is relatively limited.In addition,the tense system of Zhoucun dialect roughly corresponds to that of Jin dialect.However,the form of tense markers in Zhoucun dialect is not as rich as Jin dialect,and there are differences in the specific use of tense markers between the two regions.Specifically,the tense markers in Zhoucun dialect are not as widely used as those in Jin dialect.