Research On Japanese Nation School Education

National schools were the official institutions responsible for primary education in Japan’s wartime education system.This paper focuses on the education and teaching implemented in Japanese national schools,analyzes the background of the establishment of national schools,their activities inside and outside the textbooks,and analyzes the guiding ideology and educational objectives of national schools,and evaluates the role of Japanese national school education in the war of foreign aggression.With the victories in the Russo-Japanese War and World War I,Japan became one of the world powers and became increasingly close to international political and economic relations,and the economic crisis in the capitalist world had a great impact on Japan.In order to transfer the crisis,Japan actively expanded its colonial power externally and imposed militaristic fascist rule internally.In order to unify all levels of national power to ensure victory in the war,the Japanese government emphasized the establishment and construction of a wartime system and further strengthened the ideological control of the domestic population.Education was an important means of intellectual control,and in 1941,after many discussions and deliberations,the Ministry of Education promulgated the National School Ordinance,which clearly defined the statutes for the construction of national schools,the content of education inside and outside the classroom,educational materials,and teacher training,and established the national school system,which was officially implemented on April 1 of the same year.The establishment of national schools marked the formal establishment of Japan’s wartime education system.In the 20 th century,Japan’s nationalist ideology emerged,and as the fascist forces took power,militarism and nationalism pervaded all aspects of society,and the guiding ideology,methods,and principles of education were aligned with the real political needs.In accordance with the highest principles and the physical and mental development of children,Japanese national schools are divided into primary and advanced courses.The elementary course is the study of basic science and culture,while the advanced course is the study of science and culture in greater depth based on the elementary course,and the curriculum of the advanced course is also highly purposeful in order to meet the needs of society for labor.In addition,in order to strengthen the practical nature of education,the National School organizes frequent extracurricular activities to cultivate the spirit of loyalty and patriotism among students through these activities,which are combined with science and culture to cultivate the practical spirit.Also,based on the national defense character of the National School,students were organized as members of the Junior League,and the guiding ideology and activities of the Junior League can be seen as a grassroots military organization.National schools are educational institutions that were born to meet the needs of Japan’s particular historical reality.The birth of the National School reflected the Japanese government’s recognition of the important role of elementary education in the task of training "qualified imperial subjects" and the urgent need for spiritual control of the nation under Japan’s wartime system.In the actual education process,the national schools were focused on education,neglecting the development of students’ individuality,emphasizing the militaristic ideology of "eliminating selfishness and serving the public","loyalty to the emperor and serving the country",and "supporting the imperial movement".They also promoted the "superiority of the national system" and the status of the "Allies of Greater East Asia" and rationalized the war of aggression.Japanese students suffered greatly under the wartime education system,and national school education helped to support the war effort.