| BackgroundWith the increase of the socio-economic level,people’s demands for a better life are not limited to the satisfaction of material conditions,but more to the pursuit of spiritual prosperity and mental health.In the past,people mostly considered that no mental disorder represented mental health,focusing on the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorder.In recent years,an increasingly number of scholars have cast their eyes over the field of positive psychology,with the“well-being”as the research object.As a theory of well-being,the PERMA model has attracted extensive attention from domestic and foreign researchers,and PERMA-based positive psychological interventions have also been valued and applied at home.As a special group,military personnel work under greater pressure than common people,and are faced with more mental problems.Though psychological services for soldiers have been carried out regularly,the prevention and treatment are still the main objectives,and it should be strengthened to pay attention to and improve positive mentality.Therefore,it has important significance for increasing the well-being and mental health conditions of military personnel,promoting the perfection of their mental functions,and effectively performing their military duties and missions through positive psychology research and exploration of positive psychology group guidance and training modes in the military.Objective1.To test the reliability and validity of Chinese PERMA-Profiler in military personnel from a naval troop.2.To design an intervention program of positive psychological group guidance according to the PERMA model and group counseling theory;to analyze the changes in well-being,occupational identity and mental health of military personnel in a naval troop through quantitative and qualitative research;to explore the effectiveness of positive psychological group guidance on the improvement of the well-being,occupational identity and mental health.MethodsQuantitative research methods were adopted to test the reliability and validity of Chinese PERMA-Profiler,quasi-experimental study and qualitative research methods were adopted to explore the effectiveness of PERMA-based positive psychological group guidance on the improvement of well-being,professional identity and mental health of the military personnel.Two parts included:1.In Research One,Self-compiled socio-demographic data questionnaire,Chinese PERMA-Profiler and General Well-being Schedule were adopted as the research tools,a quota sampling method was adopted to select three groups of samples for questionnaire survey among military personnel of a naval troop.Questionnaire data were analyzed for item discrimination,test-retest reliability and internal consistency reliability,confirmatory factor analysis and criterion-related validity.2.In Research Two,100 of naval personnel meeting the research inclusion criteria were selected with the convenient sampling method,and randomly divided into experimental group(n=50)and control group(n=50).Based on the PERMA model and intervention objective,a positive psychological group guidance program was established.Positive psychology group guidance intervention was implemented for the experimental group,while no intervention was implemented for the control group.Chinese PERMA-Profiler,Occupational Identity Scale and General Health Questionaire were adopted to assess various psychological indexes of the two groups before and after the intervention as well as 3 months later.Statistical data analysis was conducted with descriptive statistics,independent t-test and Two-ways Repeated Measure ANOVA.Moreover,8 subjects of the experimental group were randomly chosen for feedback text analysis and semi-structured interview,and to explore the effect of positive psychology group guidance intervention as the supplement of quantitative research.ResultsⅠ.Test on reliability and validity of Chinese PERMA-Profiler.1.The critical ratios of the 15 items of Chinese PERMA-Profiler were larger than 3.0,and achieved the significance level(P<0.001).The correlation coefficient between the items and scale was larger than 0.4,and achieved the significance level(P<0.01).2.The test-retest reliability of the total scale score and various dimensions ranged between 0.771 and 0.993,and the test-retest reliability of various items ranged between 0.378and 0.762.Both of them reached the significance level(P<0.01).3.The Cronbachαcoefficients at the positive emotion,engagement,relationship,meaning and accomplishment dimensions of the scale were 0.878,0.772,0.872,0.889 and0.806 respectively.The Cronbachαcoefficient of the total scale was 0.962.4.In the fit-of-goodness of confirmatory factor analysis,χ~2/df=3.875,GFI=0.888,CFI=0.943,NFI=0.925,TLI=0.926,IFI=0.944,SRMR=0.038,RMSEA=0.092,indicating that the structural model fit degree of the scale basically met the conditions.5.The General Well-Being Schedule was adopted as the criteration scale,and the total score of Chinese PERMA-Profiler presented a significant positive correlation with the total score of the criteration scale(r=0.672,P<0.01).The correlation between the scores at various dimensions of Chinese PERMA-Profiler and the total score of the criteration scale ranged between 0.581 and 0.701.the correlation reached a middle to high degree,and presented a significance level(P<0.01).Ⅱ.Study on PERMA-based positive psychological group guidance intervention.1.Taking time as the within-subject variable and intervention as the between-subject variable,the interactive effects of each index reached the significance level(P<0.05),except depression dimension(F=0.229,P=0.634,partialη~2=0.002).indicating that as time went on in the test,the index changes of various groups had some differences.2.In the pre-test,the simple effect in groups of all variables were not significant(P>0.05).In the post-test,simple effects in groups of the dependent variables were significant(P<0.05),except engagement(F=0.972,P=0.327,partialη~2=0.010)and depression(F=0.012,P=0.912,partialη~2=0.000).In the follow-up test,depression(F=0.139,P=0.711,partialη~2=0.001)and anxiety(F=3.095,P=0.082,partialη~2=0.032)had no significant simple effect in groups,while the other dependent variables had significant simple effects(P<0.05).3.The simple effect at different test time points of depression dependent variable was not significant in the experimental group(F=1.054,P=0.353,partialη~2=0.022),while the simple effect of other dependent variables was significant(P<0.05).In the control group,the simple effect was not significant(P>0.05).4.According to the results of the subjective feedback evaluation form,content setting,activity form,individual harvest and group atmosphere of the group guidance have all reached the expected effect.5.According to the feedback text and interview results of the subjects after the intervention,positive psychology group guidance intervention could promote the positive emotion,enhance the engagement,improve the relationship,realize the life value,display the character strength,and intensify the occupational identity.Conclusions1.Chinese PERMA-Profiler shows good reliability and validity among military personnel of a naval troop,which can be used as a reliable tool to assess the well-being level.2.The intervention of PERMA-based positive psychology group guidance can significantly increase the well-being and occupational identity of military personnel in the naval troop,and greatly improve their mental health conditions,but it cannot obviously decrease the depression.Three months after the positive psychology group guidance,level of well-being,occupational identity and mental health can keep at the same level as that when the intervention is over. |
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