Research On The Manchu Manuscript No. B19 In Russian Collectio

The number B19 Manchu manuscript collected in Russia(hereafter this text will be abbreviated as B19 manuscript),is titled “fonjire yabure gisun i bithe” in Manchu.The dialogues are all questions and answers with 241 different Manchu-Chinese transliteralions,telling the historical events of Qing imperial family learning civil and military skills in “Shangshufang Room” and their daily life.According to the information available at present,B19 manuscript is the only existing copy and hasn’t been studied.Manchu-Chinese transliteralions in B19 manuscript are analyzed comprehensively by the methods of Chinese classical philology and Chinese phonology,and the characteristics of the initials are mainly manifested as: 1.the formation of light labial consonants;2.voiced consonants voiceless;3.the formation of retroflex consonant;4.zero initials expansion;5.Jian Tuan confusion.The characteristics of the finals are mainly manifested as: 1.Ru-sheng rhymes disappearance;2.close rhymes disappearance,front nosals are distinct from back ones;3.the formation of vowel “er” and rhotic accent;4.the formation of vowel “zhi” and“si”;5.ancient vowel “han” and “huan” confluence.It is found that the features of B19 manuscript pronunciation system is identical with that of Beijing Mandarin in Qing dynasty.The transliteration exceptions of the initials and finals are influenced by Manchu pronunciation.B19 manuscript,which is not earlier than 1773,records the pronunciation of Beijing Mandarin in middle and late periods of Qing dynasty,and is influenced by Manchu pronunciation.