| The admonishing officials were important officials in ancient China,which gradually developed and completed in the Tang Dynasty.They were set up in Zhongshu and subordinate provinces to advise the emperor,playing an important role in the political life of the Tang Dynasty.The official structure and information access of the remonstrator were two important aspects of the remonstrator system,and their development and changes in the Tang Dynasty were closely related to the changes in the political system at that time.In the Tang Dynasty,the admonishment officials were composed of casual cavalry officials,admonishment officials,Buque officials,and Shiyi officials.The duties of each official were different.During the development process,admonishment officials,Buque officials,and Shiyi officials gradually became the main forces of the admonishment officials in the Tang Dynasty.In the early Tang Dynasty,according to the Sui system,advisory officials were established in one province under the jurisdiction of the State Council.During the reign of Emperor Gaozong,due to the need for political reform at that time,they began to divide the advisory officials between the two provinces,namely,the State Council under the jurisdiction of the State Council and the State Council under the Central Government.This separation of the left and right was gradually consolidated and finally determined in the Tang Dynasty.On the basis of the separation of the left and the right,the remonstrating organs became increasingly independent,and the establishment of the remonstrating court seal was an important event in the process of its independence.During the process of the official rank and bureaucracy in the late Tang Dynasty,there were two tracks of development for the counsellors.One was that some of the official positions showed a tendency towards rank and bureaucracy,and the other was that the counsellors still maintained their duties as counsellors.The information dissemination of the Tang Dynasty’s admonitors mainly included two aspects: one was that the admonitors collected information about words and events,and the other was that the admonitors presented the information to the emperor.In the Tang Dynasty,there were various channels for remonstrating officials to collect information,among which the institutionalized channels were mainly divided into two types: predicting political power and knowing important events.The foreboding political power of the Tang Dynasty’s admonitors was established by Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty,which had an important impact.After Emperor Taizong,this channel gradually shrank due to the influence of the court system and political space.Wu Zetian founded the system of reporting and reporting,in which the remonstrator served as the chief informant.Although this system played a limited role,it created some convenience for the remonstrator to collect information.The content of the admonishment’s voice can be divided into two levels: national affairs and emperor affairs,depending on the difference in content.The ways for admonishing officials to express their opinions can be divided into two ways: face to face recitation and upper recitation.The admonishing official face play is closely related to the court assembly system of the Tang Dynasty,and has been constantly changing with the adjustment of the court assembly system.In particular,the "integration" system of the Tang Dynasty has profoundly affected the form and even the effect of the admonishing official face play.In addition,"cutting and remonstrating" is a special form of remonstrating official face play,which,although not in accordance with established procedures,fundamentally reflects the original design intention of the remonstrating official system and has unique significance."Shangshu" refers to the form of documents used by the remonstrating officials to remonstrate.The main form of the documents is the form of playing notes.The development and changes in the process of playing notes are closely related to the changes in the political system at that time. |
