Negation Shares The Same Neural Mechanisms With Surprise

Proposition Theory and Embodied Theory are the two basic ideas that explain how negation is processed.Negation can be embodied,according to the embodied theory,by consuming time and expanding space.The two-step process of negative processing,as defined by embodied theory,assumes that negative processing is completed in two parts,first simulating the state opposite to the positive state,and then simulating the real situation.The hypothesis of emotional proposition of negation proposes that negation can be embodied through emotional representation,and that negation has negative emotional power in and of itself.Through a review of the literature,it was discovered that negative processing and surprise processing are related in fluency destruction,expectation violation,slight negative emotion titer,cingulate gyrus overlap,and other ways,to expand the negative emotion representation hypothesis and clarify which specific emotion processing process is more closely related to negative processing.The paradigm of repeated change,which is often employed in the study of surprise,is applied to the study of negation processing,and the relationship between negation and surprise,as well as the internal neural mechanism,is discussed.A 2(event type: standard,surprising)× 2(sentence polarity: affirmative,negative)within-subjects experimental design was used.The experimental materials were Chinese noun phrases containing "have" and "have not" with neutral nouns,these phrases were set to red or green and the relationship between negation processing and surprise processing was investigated using the Event-related Potentials(ERPs)approach and time-frequency analysis.To investigate the neurological mechanism coupling negation processing with surprise processing,the EEG components of N100,P200,N200,and P300,as well as the Alpha and Delta frequency bands,were used as dependent variables.The results show that negative phrases have a longer reaction time than positive phrases,surprise events have a longer reaction time than normal events,and surprise events are less accurate than standard events.The N100 latency of a surprise event is longer in amplitude analysis of the N100 component.The interaction between event type and sentence polarity is strong,and the amplitude of affirmative phrases is higher for normal events than for surprise events.The P200 amplitude of the surprise event is higher than that of the standard event,whereas the P200 amplitude of the negative phrase is lower.The amplitude of the N200 event was lower than the standard event,and the incubation period was longer;the P300 amplitude of the surprise event was higher than the standard event.The energy value of the alpha band of a surprise event is higher than that of a standard event,and the energy value of the alpha band of the central frontal region is the highest;the delta band energy value of a surprise event is lower than that of a standard event,and the delta band energy value of the frontal region is the highest,according to the results of time-frequency analysis.In summary,negation and surprise processing share neural mechanisms that are primarily reflected in the early attention mechanism.The semantic distinction between negation and affirmation has appeared in the early stages of processing,and surprise processing will have inhibitory processing.Figure 4;Table 11;Reference 127...