Research On Kunqu Opera Theater Building In Suzhou During Ming And Qing Dynasties

Kunqu opera is known as the "ancestor of all Operas" and was selected as one of the first "Masterpieces of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity" in China in 2001.Kunqu Opera has been playing a very important role since ancient times.Since it originated in Suzhou at the end of yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty,Kunqu opera has experienced vigorous development in the Ming and Qing dynasties.As a carrier space for kunqu opera performances,kunqu opera theater buildings are also thriving and developing,leaving precious material cultural heritage for the world.However,at present,there are many deficiencies in the study of kunqu opera theater architecture,and there is also a lack of systematic sorting.This paper will summarize and sort out the distribution and classification of kunqu opera theater buildings in Suzhou during the Ming and Qing dynasties from the perspectives of architecture,history and other disciplines through reading historical materials and field research.At the same time,on the basis of field mapping of various types of Kunqu opera theater buildings,in-depth study of their architectural characteristics,spatial layout,structural characteristics and decorative characteristics,hoping to provide certain technical support and scientific basis for future protection and repair.The research content of this paper is divided into three parts.The first part is the background research.Through the practice and theoretical research of domestic and foreign theaters and theaters,the research object,content and methods are clarified,and the research framework is formulated.The second part is the basic research of suzhou Kunqu Opera and kunqu Opera theater architecture in Ming and Qing Dynasties.First on the historical evolution of kunqu opera,social activities,and consumer groups discussed,at the same time discusses the kunqu opera show the history of the field construction and layout of the stage,with the bearing of pingtan,opera and other opera drama field construction made a comparative analysis,the last combed the kunqu opera and kunqu opera theatre building between the two promote each other,interdependent relationship.The third part,from the macro to micro way of Suzhou Kunqu Opera theater architecture in the Ming and Qing dynasties.Firstly,the distribution and classification of kunqu Opera theater buildings were analyzed,and the distribution of kunqu Opera theater buildings in Suzhou during the Ming and Qing Dynasties was summarized from the perspectives of time and space,and classified according to the functions of the buildings,as well as their own performance modes and enclosed forms.Then from the point of view of single building,the architectural form of kunqu Opera theater building is systematically combed.Firstly,the architectural characteristics of Kunqu Opera theater are analyzed from the two functional Spaces of "viewing" and "performing",and the relationship between the two is discussed.Then,on the basis of investigation and analysis of a large number of examples,the spatial layout characteristics of kunqu Opera theater buildings in the affiliated temples,ancestral halls,guild halls,houses and gardens are studied respectively.Finally,the structural characteristics and decorative features of kunqu Opera theater are summarized,and detailed discussion is carried out from three aspects of base,house body and roof,as well as four aspects of decorative colors,decorative techniques,decorative themes and decorative components.At the end of the paper,the situation of suzhou Kunqu Opera theater architecture in Ming and Qing dynasties is summarized,and the innovation points,shortcomings and prospects are put forward.