A Study On The Humanistic Thought And Its Contemporary Value In The Economic And Philosophical Manuscripts Of 184

The philosophical understanding of man is an old and ever new subject.Since philosophy came into being,man’s position in the world and his mission in life have always existed as one of the most extensive philosophical problems.Marx formed a systematic ideological theory on this issue,which was highlighted in his works at different stages.Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844(hereinafter referred to as "the Manuscript")is one of the landmark works,which plays a key role in the study of Marx’s humanistic thought.In the Manuscript,Marx revealed "the whole man" from multiple angles and levels,which not only grasped the main line of practical activities in Marx’s humanistic thoughts to maintain human survival and life,but also saw people in various aspects in social relations,natural relations and historical relations.This requires the academic community to adhere to the principle of integrity when understanding the humanistic thought in the Manuscript,and do a good job in understanding the theoretical source,basic content and contemporary value of the humanistic thought in the Manuscript.The humanistic thought in the Manuscript was born on the basis of the previous thinkers’ theories about human beings and in the historical background of the 1880 s.In ancient Greek and Roman times,philosophical thought directly turned from cosmological problem to human problem,and human became the center of philosophical attention.Under the penetration of the two routes of materialistic metaphysics and idealistic metaphysics,Aristotle put forward the famous thought of "entelekheia",emphasizing the development of human potential.After the dark period of the Middle Ages when theocracy oppressed human rights and divinity oppressed human nature,modern natural science was valued under the conditions of rapid development of capitalism.The subjectivity of human beings is also more prominent in this process,which has attracted more and more philosophers’ attention.Kant put forward the proposition that "man is the purpose" and constructed the concept of "the kingdom of purpose".Marx focused on Hegel’s theory on human beings,critically inherited Hegel’s theory on the nature of human labor.Feuerbach dealt a heavy blow to Hegel’s theory,drew the abstract theory of discussing people back to reality,formed Feuerbach’s humanistic philosophy,and built a bridge for Marx from absolute concept to reality of people and their history.What cannot be ignored is that the theory of classical political economists represented by Smith on human beings has been widely absorbed by Marx,and has been widely quoted in the Manuscript,which provides a theoretical basis for Marx to talk about people in the real economic society.On the basis of inheriting and developing the thoughts of predecessors,Marx has constantly formed his own humanistic thoughts.After three periods of "affirming human self-consciousness","paying attention to human’s practical needs",and "exploring the realization of human liberation",Marx put forward a more comprehensive humanistic thought in the Manuscript.In Marx’s view,man is a whole,and human nature is essentially a characteristic different from other animals that man shows in his activities.This characteristic mainly refers to the natural attribute,social attribute,and the initiative and initiative of creating history that human beings,as natural beings,social beings,and subjective beings of creating history,display in the process of natural,social,and historical development.Under the realistic conditions,the various attributes and characteristics of human beings are interrelated and interact,forming the basic structure of Marx’s humanistic thought,and more completely representing the realistic human being as a whole.First,from the perspective of people and society,society is composed of human labor and its relations.Marx believed that the social nature is the universal nature of the whole movement.Just as the society itself produces people as human beings,the society is also produced by people.People rely on their own creative activities to constantly meet their own needs and objective nature.Second,from the perspective of man and nature,the unity of nature and man in practical activities.Marx pointed out in the Manuscript that nature has laid the material foundation for people to grow up,and people also transform nature in their own practical activities,making themselves a part of nature,making nature a humanized nature.Third,from the perspective of people and history,history is the birth process of human labor.Labor is the way that people create history.People’s labor constitutes different ways of life or social relations,forms different social forms,and produces the history of human social development.The attributes of people in these three aspects constitute a whole,which is not only a holistic relationship formed by people through labor,but also a condition to promote people’s continuous development and realize their own labor value.Marx’s humanism thought formed in the Manuscript deeply criticized the previous theory of talking about people abstractly,the theory of self-interest and human nature of national economists was effectively countered,and promoted the birth and development of Marx’s historical materialism.However,it cannot be denied that there are still terms of Feuerbach’s humanism and the color of Hegel’s speculative philosophy in the manuscript,which is different from the human thought after the formal birth of historical materialism.It is of great significance to make a thorough analysis of the humanism in the Manuscript.First of all,the thoughts on the relationship between people and society in the manuscript emphasize the principle of human subjectivity,which provides ideological guarantee for the contemporary society to adhere to the thought of peoplecentered development and realize the free and comprehensive development of people.Secondly,the manuscript scientifically expounds the dialectical relationship between man and nature,which provides inspiration for the ecological view of natural centrism and anthropocentrism discussed by the academic community,and thus provides a theoretical basis for the realization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.Thirdly,Marx pointed out that the whole world history is a process in which people were born through human labor.He put the whole process of world history above the productive labor of people,found an empirical basis for it,deepened the people’s view of creating history,and stimulated the people’s enthusiasm and initiative to create history.