Study On Dialect "Ge Dan" In Linhe,Inner Mongolia

Lin he is located in western Inner Mongolia and the Linhe dialect belongs to the Wutai subgroup of the Jin language."Ge dan" has two grammatical attributes: as a word and as a nominal suffix.As a word,"Ge dan" is a noun that means "mound,hillock,or a flat area elevated above ground level".Later it was extended to mean "a small spherical object resembling a ’Ge dan’ or a high-ranking official with a pejorative connotation".Its overlapping form,"Ge dan Dan",connotes affection and fondness.As a nominal suffix,"Ge dan" exhibits peculiar characteristics in pronunciation,meaning,unidirectional collocation,nominalization,combinatory ability,generative and adhesion hierarchy.The "Ge dan" nominalized words comprise four word classes,including nouns,adjectives,adverbs,which usually perform various syntactic functions such as subject,object,predicate,attribute,adverbial and complement in a sentence.The semantic trajectory of "Ge dan" from a word to a nominal suffix is a process from the physical to the abstract,mainly comprising the transformation from the original meaning of "mound" to "a small spherical object" or "a flat area elevated above ground level," and then to "a habitable hill" and ultimately to "a high degree".In addition,compared with modern Chinese color words,"-Ge dan" featured color words have distinct regional characteristics,which contain not only color information but also non-color information,and exhibit special performances in the integration into a sentence and in the semantic class of the noun used with them.The word "Yi Ge dan" is a dual-class word,which can be used as both a quantifier and an adverb.The nominal suffix "Ge dan" has semantic functions,which include basic semantic functions and evaluative functions.The basic semantic functions comprise referential,descriptive,and emphatic functions,and the evaluative functions include four categories: diminutive,incremental,pejorative,and connotative.The nominal suffix "Ge dan" also has discourse pragmatic functions and cultural recognition functions,including evaluative addressing,interactional negation,and vivid emphasis,as well as geographical names,and idioms.