Evolution And Influencing Factors Of Biopharmaceutical Product Trade

Biopharmaceutical product is an important engine for human life and economic development.Under the background of international value chain remodeling and other emergencies,the trade of biomedical product is facing the complexity and imbalance of market environment and demand.Biomedical product is used for the treatment or diagnosis of health problems,which has long market cycles,high technical requirements,and high risk investment.However,research on product trade lacks in exploration of product structure and spatial pattern of trade networks.Therefore,the article selects the trade data of global biomedical product from the UN Comtrade Database.The research started from the perspective of five types of biomedical product trade,including hormones,antibiotics,chemicals,alkaloids,vaccines,and blood products,and then analyzed the spatial evolution of product trade structure,after that used network analysis and regression models to analyze the trade network and influencing factors of biomedical products.Finally,the research focus on the spatial evolution of Chinese biomedical products in foreign trade.The findings are as follows:First,the scale of global biomedical products continue to grow,with chemical drugs accounting for the highest scale,and vaccine and blood products growing the fastest.In terms of spatial distribution,the trade scale of biomedical products is mainly distributed in Europe and North America,with Germany and the United States maintaining the top countries in terms of total product exports and imports.In terms of product types,the United States and Germany have shown global leading scale advantages in hormones,antibiotics,alkaloids,and chemical drugs.India has shown significant growth in antibiotic exports,while Switzerland maintains a global leading position in vaccine and blood products.In terms of comparative advantage,the regions with higher export advantage index and import dependence index are mainly distributed in developing countries and newly industrialized countries such as Latin America,Africa,Southeast Asia,and the Caribbean coast.Countries with larger trade scales such as the United States and Germany do not have outstanding comparative advantages in product types.Secondly,In the trade network of biomedical products,developed countries in Europe and North America maintain a high hub position and trade efficiency in the trade nodes of hormones,vaccines,blood products,and other products,which are key nodes in product trade;Countries and regions adjacent to ports have high trade efficiency in certain products,but their hub status needs to be strengthened.Secondly,the scale of the trade network for biomedical products first increased and then decreases,and the network connections continue to be close,with cohesion and "small world" characteristics growing in fluctuations.In terms of product types,the gap between the five types of drugs is constantly narrowing.In addition,the internal network structure of biomedical products has gradually shifted from Europe and North America to East Asia.The core edge structure of the product network presents a "pyramid" shape and follows the evolutionary law of "the stronger the stronger";The United States,Germany,Belgium,France,the United Kingdom,the Netherlands,and others form close core groups.In terms of trade associations,the biomedical product trade network as a whole includes 2-7 associations,with a clear overall community structure.The members of product associations are vary from different periods.The division of product associations and trade network showed geographical proximity in the early stage of the study but began to decline in the later stage.Thirdly,in terms of influencing factors,GDP of export destinations,FDI of import destinations,infrastructure construction,aging of export destinations,geographical and historical proximity have a positive impact on the trade network of five types of biomedical products,and the aging population,geographical distance,and political stability of import regions have an negative impact;There are differences in the impact of import country GDP,export country FDI,and political stability on the trade network of different drugs: the import country GDP has a significant positive impact on hormones and antibiotics,and a significant negative impact on the other three types of drugs;FDI in the export region has a insignificant negative impact on hormones,while it has a negative impact on the trade network of other four types of biomedical products;The degree of political stability in the export region has a significant positive impact on the hormone network,while it has a negative impact on the trade network of the other four types of products.Fourthly,Chinese biomedical product trade started late but develops rapidly.The overall scale of trade has grown rapidly,but the trade deficit has also continued to increase.Antibiotics have the strongest comparative advantage,while hormone products are the weakest.In terms of spatial pattern,imports are highly dependent on developed countries,Germany and the United States are the main importers of Chinese biomedical products;While the export is dominated from Western Europe and North America to the countries in the Belt and Road.Although Chinese position in the global trade network continues to improve,none of the five types of products have entered the core community or core position during the research period,resulting in a certain gap between Chinese and developed countries in Europe and America.Based on the research findings,the article proposes policy recommendations for the development of Chinese biomedical industry from the perspective of five types of biomedical products.