| During the Spring and Autumn Period,there were a large number of ancient states in Shandong,of which Qi,Lu,Ju,Qi,Teng,Xue,Ju and so on were mentioned in literature.There were numerous states and frequent exchanges between states.Marriage and exchange was one of the important ways to maintain political balance among states.Except for Qi and Lu,most ancient countries have few records in the literature.At present,there is a lack of integrated and systematic research on the marriage situation of Shandong vassal states in the Spring and Autumn Period.The discovery and research of inscribed bronzes can provide an important supplement to the discussion on this issue.This paper summarizes the bronze inscriptions related to the marriage of Shandong vassal states in the Spring and Autumn Period,and makes effective analysis and utilization based on handed down documents and archaeological materials to investigate the marriage situation of Shandong vassal states in the Spring and Autumn period as a whole,and analyzes its characteristics and reasons.This paper is divided into three parts,the basic content is as follows:The first part summarizes the vassal states of marriage inscriptions unearthed in Shandong during the Spring and Autumn Period,and summarizes and classifies the marriage inscriptions of each vassal state.According to the different family names of vassal states,they were divided into Ji,Jiang and other vassal states with family names.The second part systematically sorts out the marriage of Shandong vassal states in the Spring and Autumn period from the bronze inscriptions,and investigates the marriage of Shandong vassal states in the Spring and Autumn period in combination with the handed down documents.The marriages of the Ji vassal states included those of Lu,Cao and Teng.The marriages of the Jiang vassal states included those of Qi,Qi((?)),Ji(纪)and Feng(夆).Other family surname marriage of vassal states including Ju(莒),Zhu(邾),Small Zhu,Xue,Zhu(铸),Qi,Fei and others not documented vassal states including Shi(邿)and Hutai(虖台).There were a large number of aristocratic marriages in Lu and Qi,and the marriages of Lu and Qi were divided into two categories:the marriage of the public and the marriage of the official.The third part analyzes the characteristics and reasons of the marriage of Shandong vassal states in the Spring and Autumn Period.In the Spring and Autumn Period,the marriage of vassal states in Shandong showed the characteristics of marital marriage as an important form,no marriage with the same surname as the basic principle,and political needs as the fundamental purpose.With marital marriage as an important form,Shandong vassal states mostly produced matrimonial apparatus for marrying women,including the forms of nieces’ matrimonial apparatus,the same surname apparatus and the different surname apparatus,among which nieces’ matrimonial apparatus had the largest number.Based on the basic principle of no marriage with the same surname,it can be seen from the bronze inscriptions and handed down documents that vassal states with different family names in Shandong basically followed the ritual norm of "no marriage with the same surname".Although there were occasionally cases of "marriage with the same surname" in the documents,it was not the mainstream phenomenon at that time.For the fundamental purpose of political demand,the marriage of vassal states with different family names has its own characteristics.The vassal states with Ji surname pay attention to the marriage of neighboring vassal states with different family names,and devote themselves to maintaining the stability of the eastern soil.The State of Qi,as an important vassal state with different surnames in Shandong,was mostly allied with each vassal state with different surnames.It can be seen from the bronze inscriptions that other vassal states with different names had frequent marriage exchanges with each other except for those with the surname Ji and Qi.From the vertical point of view,each vassal state chose different nationalities to marry in different periods,and the number of marriages also changed.Matrimony is more a marriage to a specific country than a surname.In addition to the public,marriage was also closely related to political power.The marriage of Shandong vassal states in the Spring and Autumn Period was related to the influence of Zhou ritual culture political marriage needs and regional cultural traditions.Influenced by the rites culture of Zhou,the family with the same surname is an important way for Zhou people to unite with the same surname.The development of the nephew’s family is also closely related to the patriarchal system.The family with the same surname and no marriage is an important way for Zhou people to unite with different family names and an important basis for Zhou people to consolidate their rule.Influenced by the needs of political marriage,on the one hand,the choice of marriage countries at different stages is closely related to political strength and political situation,on the other hand,out of the political needs of various vassal states,there are phenomena such as different surname and marriage with the same surname.Under the influence of regional cultural traditions,Lu,Qi and Dongyi vassal states were influenced by Lu culture,Qi culture and Dongyi culture respectively,showing different characteristics in marriage.In short,from the perspective of inscriptions on the marriage of Shandong vassal states in the Spring and Autumn Period,based on multiple documents,this paper forms a more comprehensive understanding of the marriage of Shandong vassal states in the Spring and Autumn Period through the systematic analysis of bronze inscriptions and handed down documents. |
