A Study Of Dialectics In The Economic Manuscripts From 1857 To 1858

Economic Manuscripts from 1857 to 1858(hereinafter referred to as “1857-1858manuscripts”)is an important ideological node for understanding the critical and revolutionary nature of Marx’s dialectics,and plays a very important role in the process of Marx’s political and economic criticism.Only by going deep into the ontological foundation of dialectics,that is,“real people and their historical development”,can we truly understand the dialectic ideas in the “1857-1858 manuscripts” and reveal the social and historical principles it contains.The original intention of Marx’s reconstruction of the economic category is to overcome abstract empiricism and speculative idealism and explore the laws of historical development of human society in the process of people’s real life.Based on this understanding,focusing on Marx’s investigation of the operating mechanism of capitalism,this paper expounds the thinking characteristics and value attitude of dialectics in the “1857-1858 manuscripts”.The first part explains the theoretical origin of Marx’s dialectics.In the history of Western philosophy,traditional philosophy understood dialectics as a formal method,and its unique objectivity and positivity were masked as subjectivity and negativity.Hegel’s conceptual dialectics broke through the thinking framework of traditional philosophy,followed the principle of integrating history and logic,and promoted the theoretical transformation of dialectics.But speculative interpretation has led dialectics to be dominated by absolute spirit.Criticizing and transcending Hegel’s conceptual dialectics and clarifying the inherent relationship between Hegel’s conceptual dialectics and the 1857-1858 manuscripts is a prerequisite for studying Marx’s dialectics.The second part reveals the rational form of dialectics in the “1857-1858 manuscripts”.In“The 1857-1858 Manuscripts”,Marx sublated the external reflection of abstract universality,started from the concrete thinking,got rid of abstract universality,and reorganized and constructed the economic category.As far as the form of movement is concerned,Marx’s dialectics is manifested as a method of thinking that rises from abstraction to concrete.This method is not to grasp capitalist society using transcendental principles and abstract concepts,but rather a praxis intermediary thinking that transcends the binary opposition between abstraction and concrete,particularity and universality.The third part explains the “historical connotation logic” in the “1857-1858 manuscripts”.Based on the abstract to concrete approach,Marx drew on the reasonable core of Hegel’s conceptual dialectics and launched a modernity critique of capitalist production methods from a social and historical perspective,making its dialectics a logic with substantive content.By analyzing the different forms of money and the logic of capital movements,we can grasp the contradiction of capital production in the dialectical movement of labor and capital,reveal the relationship between people hidden in the relationship between things in capitalist society,and subvert the abstract understanding of people by bourgeois economists.Marx’s dialectics theoretically reveals the logic of self negation and self transcendence in human social and historical activities.The fourth part elucidates the value implications of dialectics in the 1857-1858 manuscripts.Dialectics is the unity of cognitive conceptual framework and value attitude framework.Marx’s dialectics contains the value pursuit of changing the world,and is the logic of human freedom and liberation.By anatomizing the capitalist mode of production,Marx not only realized the profound revelation of capitalist reality,but also discovered the revolutionary essence contained in its realistic movement.Marx’s dialectics,starting from the reality of individuals,reveals the logic behind the possibility of human liberation.Although Marx did not write a book dedicated to dialectics,the “1857-1858 Manuscripts”,as a research achievement of Marx’s golden age,keenly captures the self negative nature of the logical movement of capital and reveals the logic of capitalist society.In this regard,the dialectic thought of the Manuscripts from 1857 to 1858 is to grasp the specific and realistic connotation logic based on the principles of social history.