| Liang Qichao and Li Dazhao,as the representative figures of Chinese history in the 20 th century,made important contributions to the development of modern Chinese history.Their acceptance and elucidation of the theory of geographical environment also provides a rational and scientific perspective for scholars to explore the social and historical role of geographical environment in modern China.There are some similarities and differences in their geography.Liang Qichao accept the period of geographical environment is in the disintegration of the feudal system,his geographical environment thought is one of his "new history" powerful theoretical weapon,he explains the phenomenon of human social history,explore the "axiom of geography and history",the historical perspective to general social and historical phenomena,points out that the purpose of historical research should be to explore the causality of historical development and general law.Li Dazhao accept the geographical environment theory period during the beginning of the new culture movement,he tried to scientific theory of the geographical environment theory,from the height of the historical materialism points out the rationality and limitations of the geographical environment theory,and points out the geographical environment influence social history development of the specific degree,the relationship between geographical and other historical development motivation,and the geographical environment through how way influence social history and so on,the relationship on the geographical environment and human social and historical has carried on the dialectical thinking,promote the study of the geographical environment theory to scientific process.When it comes to employing the principle of geographical environment to understand Chinese history,they both comprehensively explain the influence of geographical environment on social and historical phenomena such as the survival of civilization,ethnic character,political activities,economic activities,ideology and culture.At the same time,they also realized the dynamic geographical environment of social history,geographical environment through production activities affect social history and geographical environment and interaction between human society,has been able to put geographical environment in different historical period,different regions,different social conditions and productivity development level to explain the causal relationship between geography and history and general law.However,due to the limitations of academic thought and the theoretical level etc,there are some different points in the geographical environmentalism.Liang Qichao tried to explain the development of social history with material factors,believing that geographical environment is a necessary condition for human survival and development,and directly plays a role in people’s production and life style,social,political and economic activities.The point of view against idealism history has played a positive role,but he to some extent exaggerated the role of the geographical environment,the external geographical conditions as the determinant of social history,ignored the law of he social itself,so cannot geographical environment and human social history comprehensively and systematically linked together.Different from Liang Qichao,Li Dazhao combined the geographical environment with the material elements of the social productive forces,and believed that the geographical environment played its social and historical role by playing on the social productive forces,production relations and social organization.Although he also affirmed the influence of the geographical environment on the social history of human beings,and believed that the geographical environment could directly affect the production mode of human beings,he also believed that the geographical environment only affects the development of human social history to a certain extent,and accelerates or delays the social development.At the same time,due to the differences in their historical background,academic background and class position,Liang Qichao and Li Dazhao took different ways in using the geographical environment theory to explain China’s social problems.The influence of China’s geographical conditions on the political rule in history is very complicated in the concrete manifestation.However,in Liang Qichao’s opinion,the differences in the political,economic,cultural and national character of various regions and countries can be found from the geographical conditions.Although the bias of its understanding is also extremely obvious,some conclusions exaggerate the role of geographical environment.Li Dazhao although also unavoidable in mechanical "geographical environment",but he soon noticed the shortage of the theory,from the differences between eastern and western civilization,to understand the "economic requirements is the only material elements of social history" and geographical elements is only influence the development of social history,Li Dazhao began to historical materialism to discuss the influence of the geographical environment,and again on the basis of provide practice,laid the foundation for the development of marxist socialism in our country.In general,the essential difference between Liang Qichao and Li Dazhao’s geographical environment theory lies in their application direction and different planning of Chinese roads.In terms of application direction,Liang Qichao is mainly applied to historical research,while Li Dazhao is committed to serving the reality.In the different planning of Chinese road,can improve productivity,promote the rapid development of our society and achieve the European civilization,and then promote the transformation of national character,ideological and cultural progress,and the development of political and economic system;Li Dazhao believes that east and west civilization should learn from each other,mutual integration,to create a new civilization,thus put forward the unique view of "the third civilization".At the same time,their geographical environment theory has an important influence on later scholars and people,Liang Qichao’s geographical environment theory provides later intellectuals to learn and accept western thinking,affecting people’s attitude towards western learning;Li Dazhao is the first Marxist scholar to clarify the social and historical role from the perspective of historical materialism,and also the great pioneer of Chinese communism.The theory of geographical environment has deeply influenced the superstructure and material foundation of China in the future. |
