| Human beings are the most active and productive factor of productivity,providing strong general energy and intellectual support for social development.Since the reform and opening up,China’s population flow has shown a leading trend from rural areas to cities.With the implementation of the Rural Revitalization Strategy in recent years,the phenomenon of rural population return has become prominent.The return group has injected new vitality into rural construction,and the returning entrepreneurs have opened up a new chapter of rural innovation and entrepreneurship.The analysis of the phenomenon of rural population return in China is the inevitable requirement of promoting rural revitalization,coordinating urban-rural integration and realizing common prosperity in an all-round way.Fengping village is the only ethnic minority village in Meizhou City,Guangdong Province.In 2008,under the guidance of the local government,villagers who returned home due to the financial crisis began to grow tea on a pilot basis.In 2011,the economic returns of this group of tea growers appeared.In 2014,more outflow villagers returned home to build tea gardens.Today,the tea industry has become a local pillar industry,and people’s income has increased significantly.Fengping village’s industrial revitalization and population backflow show a village development scene of "prosperity of people and tea".Then how did Fengping village realize the transition from population outflow to population backflow?In the process of "going out of the mountains",in the period of traditional society,people in Fengping village live a "closed and self-contained" mountain life.Due to low productivity and limited land carrying capacity,after the reform and opening up,people rely on labor output to "go out of the mountains" and seek opportunities for open development in the city.After the outflow of a large number of "migratory birds",the hollowing of villages has become increasingly prominent,and the local industry,environment,management and culture are facing different degrees of development difficulties.In the process of "returning to the mountains",2008 and 2014 brought two turning points for the population return of Fengping Village: the successful pilot of the first batch of returning tea growers and the establishment of a group of new village committees with ability and vision,which together opened the era of tea economy in Fengping village.The backflow of population in Fengping village has adapted to the trend of social development.Backflow is an active choice for people.After returning home,they actively participate in the team of returning home to start a business.The return groups in Fengping village are characterized by balanced gender structure,younger age structure,expanded education level,stable family structure and diversified occupational structure.Driven by the development demand,the returning population once again "pendulum" flows in the city and countryside,which is embodied in three aspects: rural "management of tea gardens",urban "opening of tea shops" and county "buying houses and real estate".It is learned from "questioning Dashan" that the motivation of population return in Fengping village is in many aspects: policy preference is the primary factor of population return,and policy preference and government support gave birth to the beginning of the development of tea industry in Fengping village;Local cohesion is the driving factor of population return,in which ethnic elites and clan organizations play a role of demonstration and linkage;Homecoming complex is the emotional factor of population return,which is manifested in people’s homesickness accumulated under the "difficult integration of cities" and "difficult separation of hometown";The economic benefits brought by the characteristic tea industry are the fundamental factors to attract the return of population,which are embodied in "attracting people by industry","retaining people by industry" and "flourishing people by industry".The effect of population backflow in Fengping village on village development is also multi-level: backflow has brought changes in rural economic mode,promoted rural modernization,promoted the upgrading of industrial structure and increased people’s income;The return has brought about the modernization of rural society,the significant improvement of people’s skills and cultural quality,the expansion of social relations network,the improvement of women’s social status,and the gradual improvement of grass-roots management and village facilities;The return has also promoted the revival of ethnic traditional culture.The local people have given new opportunities to adapt to the times by strengthening the recognition of the ancestral land of the She,restoring and improving the clothes of the She,creating the cultural symbols of the She,repairing the blue She ethnic group genealogy,and setting up ethnic festivals and cultural places.In the thinking of "surpassing the mountains",due to the structural factors of urban and rural barriers,Fengping village still faces challenges such as whether the tea industry can grow steadily,whether the ecological environment can be continuously improved,whether grass-roots democracy can truly guarantee equal rights,and whether ethnic culture can realize the inheritance of Modernity if it wants to realize the sustainable and stable return of population.Inspired by the theory and practice of rural revitalization,the modernization transformation path of Fengping village to "surpass the mountains" in the future includes: exploring the industrial path of "tea tourism integration",taking into account the ecological environment and optimizing infrastructure,establishing public services from a humanistic perspective and paying attention to the main body of ethnic cultural inheritance. |
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