Research On The Impact Of Population Aging On The Consumption Structure Of Residents In My Country And Countermeasures

Since China’s reform and opening up,the health industry has developed rapidly and the life expectancy of the population has been generally extended.In addition to the implementation of the family planning policy,the young working population has shown a shrinking trend.Aging has become an important social reality in recent years.Increasing ageing will have a significant impact on national economic and social development and needs to be brought to the attention of policy makers.Based on the background of population aging,this paper first analyzes the development status of population aging and consumption structure,and summarizes its development law and evolution trend;secondly,the fixed effect regression method was used to test the impact of population aging on consumption structure and different consumption target groups of national and urban and rural residents,and the robustness of the results was tested using the indicator replacement method.Through the research,this paper has obtained several important research conclusions.First,through the analysis of the population aging,consumption structure,and the development and evolution trend of different consumption types,it is found that:(1)the size of the elderly population has been expanding,and the degree of aging has been further deepened.China’s elderly population accounts for a quarter of the world’s total elderly population.The growth rate of population aging is higher than the natural growth rate of population.China was still in the primary stage of socialist development and is still a middle-income country at this stage.However,China has already entered the aging stage and is the first country in the world to grow old before getting rich.(2)On the whole,the consumption structure of the whole country and urban and rural areas has shown a downward trend and then upward trend.In the past ten years,the consumption structure of rural areas has been greatly improved,showing a trend of surpassing the national average level,and the gap between the consumption structure level of urban areas has been significantly reduced.(5)The consumption in urban and rural areas in China is on the rise,and the consumption of food,tobacco and alcohol still plays an important role in the eight consumption expenditures.Before 2012,in addition to food,tobacco and alcohol expenditure in urban areas,the other seven expenditures were at a low level.After 2012,all seven expenditures have increased rapidly,especially residential consumption.The change trend of each sub-item of rural consumption is basically the same as that of urban areas,but the consumption level in rural areas is significantly lower than that in urban areas,and the income and consumption capacity of residents still need to be improved.The overall trend of survival,enjoyment and development consumption in urban and rural areas is on the rise.The three types of consumption are born,enjoyed and developed,and the three types of consumption in urban areas are higher than those in rural areas.Secondly,through empirical analysis of the impact of aging on consumption structure and different consumption types of groups,it is found that:(1)population aging has a significant role in promoting consumption structure.With the continuous improvement of consumption structure,the positive impact of population aging on consumption structure is declining.Although the improvement of the aging level has a certain positive impact on the consumption structure,the impact has decreased compared with the lower level of the consumption structure.(2)Population aging has a significant positive impact on survival consumption,enjoyment consumption and development consumption,and population aging has a higher consumption preference for development and enjoyment consumption.(3)There is obvious heterogeneity in the consumption of residents and in the types and levels of consumption between urban and rural areas.Besides,there is still much room for adjustment in the consumption structure of rural areas.The consumption gap between urban and rural areas still needs to be further narrowed.(4)The impact coefficient of per capita education level and urbanization level on consumption structure is positive,indicating that improving residents’ education level and advancing urbanization process are conducive to promoting consumption structure.With the improvement of the quantile level of consumption structure,the positive impact of the two is increasing.Based on the research conclusion of the article,the paper finally puts forward targeted countermeasures and suggestions: give full play to the role of the government’s public rights,accelerate the promotion of the national fertility policy to improve productivity,create new jobs for the elderly,and improve the re-education level of the elderly.