Research On The Efficiency Of Pension Institutions In Guangdong Province Based On The DEA Model

The rise of the elderly care service industry is not only an important force driving the economic growth of various countries,but also the only way to maintain the stability of social and people’s livelihood.Through the research process of more than half a century in the past,the elderly care services in most developed countries have been relatively mature.As a developing country with the largest population,China’s population aging is also serious.The 14 th Five Year Plan period is a key window period for China’s strategic and tactical reserves to deal with aging.Under the influence of the intensive introduction of policies and measures and the continuous change of industry management ideas and concepts,the pension industry has achieved accelerated development,explored the operation mode according to local conditions,and formed a multi-level pension service system of public,private and pure private in combination with the combination mode of medical care and maintenance.Zone s is located in the north central part of Guangdong Province,not in the Pearl River Delta region,with a total area of 1296.31 square kilometers.It governs 4 streets and 4 towns,and manages 1 state-owned forest farm.By 2020,the current population of S district is about1119900,including 16.33% of the population aged 60 and above and 11.62% of the population aged 65 and above.Compared with the previous national census,the proportion has increased by 3.19 percentage points and 2.10 percentage points respectively.In terms of elderly care service industry,there are 108 elderly care institutions in S district,a total of 78;There are 30 private pension institutions in total.All elderly care institutions have 6940 beds in use,of which 3278 are in use by private institutions,accounting for about 37.94%.Based on the elderly population aged 60 and over in 2020,the average number of beds per 1000 elderly people is 35.5.The number of pension institutions is large,and the market potential of pension industry is broad.Exploring the operation efficiency of pension institutions has important practical significance for the overall development of the region.The research idea of this paper: according to the characteristics of operation input and output of elderly care institutions,DEA method is used to analyze their operation efficiency.In this paper,the number of beds,the number of maintenance workers and the number of medical workers are taken as the input indicators,and the number of annual service elderly and year-end operating income are taken as the output indicators.According to the public and private perspectives,the sample data are obtained from the sampling survey of pension institutions in S district.Then,this paper determines to use BCC model as the basic model of DEA,and selects input orientation,DEA Malmquist index model and multi stage DEA method to calculate various technical efficiency indexes,and obtains the improvement direction of input and output combination of each unit.Finally,combined with the above relevant calculation results,this paper analyzes the reasons for the differences in operating efficiency,and gives the corresponding macro policy suggestions.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)the operating income of private elderly care institutions has decreased year by year,and there has been a serious phenomenon of "diseconomies of scale",the lack of financial subsidies for people’s livelihood functions,and the unreasonable division of labor have become an obstacle to the mutual transformation between input factors and output factors of private elderly care institutions.The blind expansion of manpower will only increase the production cost.With the expansion of investment in human resources and equipment resources of elderly care institutions,the degree of influence is deepened by the imperfect management system of elderly care institutions,uneven work efficiency of employees,incomplete facilities and equipment,which indirectly leads to the increase of management expenses and low management efficiency.(2)Public pension institutions are easy to obtain more bed subsidies given by the Civil Affairs Department of the local government,and each bed in use can receive a financial subsidy of up to 120 yuan.Even in the period of high vacancy rate of beds,each invested bed can still obtain a certain subsidy income,indirectly reducing the unit production cost.(3)Half of the private pension institutions need to reduce the number of medical workers,and the number that needs to be abolished accounts for about 66.19% of the total number of medical workers,while the same ratio has reached 17.33% in public pension institutions,indicating that the resources of medical workers in the industry have been seriously redundant.Based on the above conclusions,this paper puts forward some suggestions:(1)private pension institutions need to appropriately reduce the investment in equipment and fixed assets such as the number of beds in combination with their own business environment.At the same time,according to the actual needs of elderly care institutions,avoid the excessive growth of medical and health service personnel and reduce the proportion of personnel in logistics service departments,so as not to cause personnel redundancy and increase more labor costs and labor expenditure.You can also try to appropriately increase the service unit price and increase the operating income on the premise of affecting the service person times,so as to improve the overall operating efficiency.(2)The government should try to deepen the reform of the market-oriented management system of public pension institutions,abandon the management system and operation mechanism of overall arrangement and guarantee,high consumption and low efficiency in the past,develop according to the idea of separation of operation and management,and invite public organizations or service groups to handle and manage the operation,so as to improve the utilization efficiency of public resources.(3)Enrich the combination of medical care and nursing,expand the coverage,bind the two in professional learning,so that more medical students can master the professional skills of elderly care services,implement targeted talent cultivation through the combination of learning and research,and let talents go to elderly care institutions for practical training in advance.