| With the advent of the age of intelligence,artificial intelligence has penetrated into all major fields of people’s lives.Cultivating talents related to AI and providing suitable education is an important issue and mission for education in all countries.Introducing AI into the classroom of K-12 school education and popularizing the knowledge of AI technology for primary and secondary school students will lay a solid foundation for becoming AI talents in the future.At present,primary and secondary school information technology classrooms and comprehensive practical activities involving graphic programming,open source software and hardware technologies also play a role in promoting the teaching of artificial intelligence to a certain extent.AI education in primary and secondary schools has experienced from scratch and is gradually entering a period of rapid development,but carrying out high-quality AI education in primary and secondary schools is a current challenge for schools and teachers,lacking certain theoretical practical guidance.The core features of design-based learning are iterative and design-based,an inquiry-based learning approach that emphasizes students learning by doing,and the integration of STEM education concepts into design-based learning to develop students’ ability to integrate interdisciplinary knowledge to solve problems.Therefore,combining design-based learning with STEM education concepts as a new way of teaching AI is important for solving the current problems of AI education in primary and secondary schools.This study uses Tencent’s buttoning and machine learning for kids platform as the implementation carrier of AI teaching,and compiles the relevant theoretical basis by using the literature research method and questionnaire survey method.Firstly,through sorting and analyzing the relevant literature,the theories of design-based learning,STEM education and artificial intelligence education were compiled,and their current development status at home and abroad was summarized and the current situation of AI teaching in elementary school was analyzed.Secondly,based on the analysis of design-based learning and STEM education theories,we analyze the suitability of design-based learning and STEM education,and analyze the feasibility of smooth implementation of design-based learning and AI teaching activities in elementary schools with the characteristics of elementary school AI teaching,and point out that the use of design-based learning models in elementary school AI curriculum and the guidance of STEM education concepts have certain fit.Then,with reference to two typical operational models of design-based learning,the design concept of design-based AI teaching cases for elementary schools was determined,and then a preliminary framework of design-based AI teaching cases for elementary schools was constructed.The teaching case framework is guided by the concepts of design-based learning and STEM education,and the AI teaching system is constructed from the process of teaching activity model design,case design and implementation,and then teaching reflection and improvement.Tencent’s buttoning and children’s machine learning platform was chosen as the AI teaching implementation vehicle because,on the one hand,it is simple to operate,easy for students to operate and understand,and highly flexible;on the other hand,students perform hands-on operations on the platform to stimulate students’ interest and curiosity in learning AI and enhance their problem-solving and innovative design skills.Then,we designed and implemented three AI teaching cases in an elementary school in Jinan based on the preliminary model of AI teaching cases based on design-based learning,namely Case 1"Expression Recognition",Case 2 "Intelligent Photo Classifier" and Case 3 "Intelligent Photo Classifier"."The three AI teaching cases were designed and implemented based on the preliminary design-based learning model.In the paper,the teaching cases of Case 1 and Case 2are first analyzed,and the teaching practices of each case are timely summarized in terms of teaching reflections on science,technology,engineering,mathematics and problem solving to revise the teaching model.The finalized teaching model was then applied to the teaching practice of Case 3,and the students’ problem-solving ability was improved through their continuous exploration of problems,independent inquiry,problem solving,and design of works by experiencing inquiry,conceptualization,and reflection sessions with the help of the learning platform.Finally,the end of the teaching was analyzed by questionnaires,student interviews,student personal evaluation forms,classroom observation scales and teacher evaluations to test the effect of the implementation of AI teaching and put forward relevant suggestions for the use of design-based learning in elementary school AI curriculum to provide teachers with certain reference and reference for the subsequent development of AI curriculum.The results of the study indicate the feasibility of applying a design-based learning approach to teaching AI in elementary schools.The design-based learning model for teaching AI in elementary schools can develop students’ problem-solving skills,positive learning attitudes,and the ability to integrate interdisciplinary knowledge,stimulate students’ interest in learning AI,and enable them to complete meaningful learning,which will provide referenceable teaching cases for AI courses at the elementary school level and is important for developing students’ comprehensive abilities such as problem solving. |
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