| Since the reform and opening up in 1978,China has continuously increased its trade with other countries in the world,actively opened up to the outside world,made peace,development and cooperation the current main line,and actively developed its economy on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.Cooperation with trade.So far,China is one of the largest trading countries in the world,and foreign trade has also become one of the "troikas" driving China’s economic development.By developing foreign trade with other countries in the world,it has shortened the distance between China and the world,and accelerated the process of China’s socialist modernization while promoting the process of world economic integration.With the deepening of economic globalization and the division of labor in the global value chain,the scale of my country’s economy has continued to expand and the degree of internationalization has continued to deepen,which has greatly promoted my country’s participation in international trade and international investment.Since China joined the WTO in December 2001,my country’s trade liberalization process has developed rapidly.The actual utilization of foreign capital increased from 2.26 billion US dollars in1983 to 144.369 billion US dollars in 2020,an increase of about 64 times,with an average annual growth rate of 13.8%;About 226 times,with an average annual growth rate of 14.5%.But at the same time,our country’s fertility rate is declining and the population aging process is accelerating.In recent years,the birth rate in my country has shown a downward trend.In2020,a total of 10.03 million people were born in the country,which seems to be a lot,but considering the population base of our country,the number of births is too small.More importantly,in 2020,the birth rate of my country’s population will drop by 14.9% compared with 2019,which can be said to be a cliff-like decline.This phenomenon has also attracted great attention from the country.On August 20,2021,the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress voted and passed the decision on amending the Population and Family Planning Law,pointing out that it is necessary to further promote age-appropriate marriage and childbirth and prenatal and postnatal care.At the same time,the revised population and family planning law stipulates that couples can have three children in the future.With the official introduction of China’s new "three-child" policy,it has sparked widespread social discussion.In fact,the birth policy is not only proposed in Chinese mainland,many countries and regions around the world have introduced incentives to deal with problems such as population decline and aging.So is deepening trade liberalization also a key factor in suppressing population growth?In order to demonstrate the above problems,this thesis selects the urban panel data of300 cities in my country from 2002 to 2015,and studies the relationship between my country’s urban trade freedom and urban birth rate.my country’s cities are further grouped by region and economic development level,and the robustness test is carried out through the substitute variable of trade freedom-foreign trade dependence.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)From 2002 to 2015,urban liberalization had a significant inhibitory effect on the urban birth rate,and the coefficient of trade freedom from 2002 to 2008 was lower than that from 2009 to 2015,indicating the degree of restraint of trade liberalization on the birth rate.It is characterized by dynamic increase.(2)In the southeastern coastal cities of my country,the inhibitory effect of trade liberalization on the birth rate is more significant.(3)The degree of trade liberalization in economically developed regions is higher than that in economically backward regions.(4)In the whole sample interval from 2002 to 2015,the coefficient of urban economic development level was significantly negative,indicating that the higher the urban economic development level,the lower the birth rate.Finally,the corresponding policy suggestions are given according to the actual situation of our country. |
