Research On The Change Of Danwei System In Universities

Unit system is a complex of organization and management system with Chinese characteristics formed in the period of planned economy.As the institutional basis and organizational background of higher education in New China,it has brought far-reaching impact on the reform and development of universities in China.With the rapid development of higher education in China,clarifying the historical context and institutional impact of the change of unit system in universities is of great significance to build a university system with Chinese characteristics and take it as the cornerstone to realize the "good governance" of Chinese universities.Using the analytical framework of historical institutionalism,taking the change of unit system in universities as independent variables and dependent variables respectively,we can systematically explore its change context,change theme,change mode,dynamic mechanism,change performance and impact.Through the analysis of the corpus of policy texts from 1949 to 2021(659,477 words in total)and the interview database of 10 people who experienced the change of University unit system(72,213 words in total),we can clarify the change picture of University unit system in China.The change of the unit system in China’s universities has experienced five periods: the formation and development period(1949-1984),the trial adjustment period(1985-1991),the scattered reform period(1992-1999),the initial loosening period(2000-2009)and the deepening reform period(2010-present).Through the analysis of policy text corpus and interview corpus by topic analysis method,it is found that the change of unit system in Chinese universities is mainly reflected in the increasing autonomy of running universities;The "protection attachment" mechanism tends to dissolve;Teachers’ contractual management has gradually become the norm;The compound function of university gradually weakens four themes.Further using the historical institutionalism analysis method,it is found that the change mode of the unit system in China’s universities is a mixed mode of four modes: key node,path dependence,fracture equilibrium and gradual transformation.The transformation of national governance paradigm,the reform of economic system,the reform of educational system and the rise of new public management are the direct driving forces for the change of University unit system.The change of unit system in universities has produced many achievements and influences,which comprehensively affect the three main bodies of teachers,universities and academic ecology.By systematically summarizing the performance and impact of institutional change,it can be summarized as follows: breaking the lifelong appointment system and promoting the transformation of teachers’ identity;The introduction of performance competition mechanism improves academic productivity;Breaking the restriction of talent flow and promoting academic exchanges among colleges and universities;The new evaluation mechanism has not been improved,resulting in the imbalance of university functions and the loss of teachers’ sense of fairness.Based on the above research conclusions,it can be considered that the unit system has an important historical contribution to the development of Chinese universities,and the modern university system with Chinese characteristics must be based on the benign reform of the Danwei System.Therefore,we should retain the Danwei System in the current university internal governance reform,strengthen the function of organizational identity,weaken the strong administrative logic of the Danwei System in governance,and establish the ideological consensus and principle guidance of university human resource management reform on the basis of a comprehensive and scientific understanding of the University unit system.