Inspiration Of Transition Space Of Japanese Nursery Building To Kindergarten Design In Cold Area Of China

Kindergarten is a place for children’s preschool education.Its architectural style,spatial layout,indoor and outdoor physical environment have a direct impact on children’s life and learning.In cold areas of our country,the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor is large in winter,which is easy to cause symptoms such as cold in children,causing certain damage to their health.In order to reduce this adverse effect,it is necessary to create a more reasonable and comfortable kindergarten building space for children.The indoor and outdoor transition space of the building can produce the effect of pre-cooling and preheating to the human body and reduce the discomfort caused by the huge temperature difference between indoor and outdoor in winter.In some Japanese kindergarten buildings,there exists a unique indoor/outdoor transition space that can freely switch between indoor space and indoor/outdoor transition space.Compared with pure gray space,this kind of space can better transition the different thermal environment between interior and exterior.This paper hopes to explore the appropriate design method of indoor and outdoor transition space in kindergarten by studying the temperature buffer effect of this type of space.This paper first summarizes the form,location,combination mode and other characteristics of this kind of indoor and outdoor transition space in Japanese kindergartens,and then studies the influence of the above factors on the temperature buffering effect of transition space through thermal environment simulation.The orientation of different building forms which can make transition space have better temperature buffer effect is obtained,the combination model which has a better indoor and outdoor temperature gradient was selected,and the influence of height and enclosure degree on thermal environment of transition space is explored.Secondly,based on the concept of shaping a reasonable temperature gradient between indoor and outdoor,this paper proposes strategies to optimize the thermal regulation effect of transition space,such as placing intermediary space and adjusting the scope of exterior wall of indoor corridor,and conducts a comparative study on the effects of different strategies through thermal environment simulation to verify the effectiveness of the strategies.At the same time,combined with the behavior of children and the appropriate transition space model,the strategy that can make full use of the thermal regulation of transition space is proposed.Finally,this study conducted a field survey of Jianda Kindergarten located in Beilin District,Xi ’an.Through detailed analysis of measured data,problems existing in the thermal environment of the kindergarten were found.Then,based on the previous research experience on the thermal environment of indoor and outdoor transition space,the partial thermal environment of the measured kindergarten was optimized and transformed.By comparing the simulation results of thermal environment before and after the transformation,it was found that the maximum temperature difference experienced by children in the process of entering and leaving the indoor and outdoor was reduced after the transformation,indicating that the adverse effect of the sudden change of indoor and outdoor temperature on children in winter was weakened by the transformation.