Research On The Design And Application Of BaguaZhang Exercise Program For Elderly People To Prevent Falls

The latest census results show that China’s aging population is higher than the world average,and more than 40 million elderly people have at least one fall every year,making prevention work face huge pressure and challenges.With the increasing popularity of the concept of national fitness,people are gradually taking the initiative to link health and exercise together and to be the first responsible person for their own "fall prevention".However,the non-scientific way of exercise and fitness is not beneficial to improve health,in order to maximize the avoidance of sports risks,reasonable grasp of sports intensity,scientific sports exercise,more scientific and standardized exercise program for the target group and individual physical exercise guidance,has become a better choice to meet people’s exercise needs.Bagua Zhang,as a traditional martial art,is a traditional WushuBoxing based on palm changes and walking and turning,and its unique fitness mechanism is important for the effective prevention of falls in the elderly.Research objectives:The purpose of this study is to investigate the fitness mechanism and efficacy of traditional Wushu Bagua Zhang,and to design a Bagua Zhang exercise program for the elderly based on the principles of exercise prescription,and to verify the exercise effect of the program through experiments,in order to provide a basis for effective prevention and At the same time,by analyzing and proving the possible mechanism of Bagua Zhang exercise in fall prevention and exploring the unique fitness effects of Bagua Zhang,it can help to further improve the construction of Bagua Zhang fitness theory and content system,and lay the foundation for the wide dissemination and promotion of traditional national sports.It will also help to further improve the construction of the theory and content system of Bagua Zhang,lay a solid foundation for the wide dissemination and promotion of traditional national sports,and actively practice the promotion and implementation of the "Health China" strategy.Research methods:Firstly,on the basis of collecting and organizing literature,Delphi method and expert interview method were used to design the "fall prevention" Bagua Zhang exercise program for the elderly;after the design of the exercise program was completed,70 elderly residents who met the inclusion criteria in the community of Fengtai District of Beijing were recruited as experimental subjects and randomly divided into experimental and control groups,35 people in each group.Subjects in the control group did not perform any regular exercise other than their normal lifestyle habits,and the experimentalists maintained regular follow-up;subjects in the experimental group performed a 60-minute Bagua Zhang exercise program three times a week for 12 weeks in addition to their normal lifestyle habits.Balance ability,lower limb muscle strength,gait function,lower limb muscle status and fear of falling were selected as evaluation indexes.The subjects in both groups were evaluated by single-legged closed-eyed standing test(SCST),closed-eyed cycles test,timed up and go test(TUGT),30-second seat test,lower limb muscle status using Myoton PRO,and the modified survey of activities and fear of falling in the elderly(m SAFFE).Analysis of variance(ANOVA)was performed to analyze the level of variability and interaction between the data results of the two groups at different test time points to verify the effect of the exercise program application and to explore the effect of the exercise program on each index,and the data results were expressed as mean ±standard deviation.Research results:(1)The four basic elements of "exercise frequency,exercise intensity,exercise duration and exercise type" in the Bagua Zhang exercise program were determined by Delphi method,expert interview method,literature method and mathematical statistics method;two rounds of expert correspondence survey were conducted by Delphi method to determine the exercise contents in the exercise program;the actual exercise intensity applicable to the elderly population was further determined by the experimental method,and the final development of the "fall prevention" Bagua Zhang exercise program for the elderly was completed.(2)Through the 12-week "fall prevention" Bagua Zhang exercise program intervention for the elderly,the time and interaction effects of SCST,closed-eyed cycles test,TUGT,and 30-second seat test in the experimental group showed highly significant differences(P< 0.01),while the fear of falling psychological score and lower limb muscle status did not show significant differences.The fear of falling psychological score and lower limb muscle status did not show significant differences;while none of the control group showed significant differences(P>0.05).(3)The duration of SCST and closed-eyed cycles test in the experimental group were significantly longer after the 6th and 12 th weeks of intervention than before(P<0.01);the duration of TUGT was significantly shorter after the 6th and 12 th weeks of intervention than before(P<0.01);the number of 30-second seat test was significantly increased after the 6th and 12 th weeks of intervention than before(P <0.01);m SAFFE scores were not statistically different(P>0.05)after the 6th and 12 th weeks of the intervention compared to the pre-intervention,but the scores tended to decrease with time points;lower limb muscle status was not statistically different(P>0.05)after the 6th and 12 th weeks of the intervention compared to the pre-intervention.(4)The control group showed no statistically significant changes in SCST,closedeyed cycles test,TUGT,number of 30-second seat test,m SAFFE score and lower limb muscle status at week 6 and week 12 compared to pre-intervention(P>0.05).Research conclusions:(1)Adherence to Bagua Zhang exercise can effectively enhance the body’s balance,gait function and lower limb muscle strength,with the effect of improving the impact of falls related body functions.(2)The application of "fall prevention" Bagua Zhang exercise program for the elderly can significantly improve the static balance and dynamic balance of the elderly,enhance gait function and lower limb muscle strength,and have a tendency to mildly reduce the fear of falling and improve the muscle status of the lower limbs,thus effectively reducing the possibility of falls in the elderly and playing a "fall prevention" role.(3)In the control group of elderly people who did not undergo the "fall prevention" Bagua Zhang exercise program intervention,the test data showed no significant changes in the experiment.(4)In this study,we reviewed and summarized a large amount of literature and clinical application results,and used the principles of exercise prescription as the theoretical reference to design and construct the "fall prevention" Bagua Zhang exercise program for the elderly through two rounds of Delphi method combined with the opinions of several experts.