Qualitative Study On Influencing Factors Of Fertility Intention Of Urban Professional Women

Although the birth policy has been adjusted,the current situation of low birth rate and low birth desire has not improved.In our country,women are an important part of the labor market,employment and fertility are women’s participation in the production of material materials and the main forms of human reproduction,so there is an inevitable relationship between female employment and fertility.In order to safeguard women’s right to give birth and participate in social labor,it is necessary to provide women with maternity protection and labor protection,which are also important foundations for the harmonious development of society.With the opening of the three-child policy,women will not only have more opportunities to have children,but also face restrictions on their career development.Therefore,the reproductive intention of professional women in the child-bearing age has attracted much attention from all walks of life.With the improvement of social development and urbanization level,more and more women are able to receive higher education and obtain opportunities for urban development.Then,what is the fertility intention of urban professional women facing more career choices? What are the factors affecting the current fertility intention of urban professional women? These are all the paper will study and understand,and on this basis explore how to balance the relationship between professional women and fertility path.Centering on the concepts of "urban professional women" and "fertility intention",this paper adopts qualitative research method as a whole,and adopts semi-structured in-depth interview method to collect relevant data and objectively describe the fertility status of urban professional women: First of all,in terms of the number of children they intend to have,the difference is mainly reflected in the low number of children.Most professional women say that they want to have two children or one child at most,while only a few professional women are willing to have "dink" or "more is better".Secondly,in terms of reproductive gender preference,professional women do not show obvious gender preference and prefer boys and girls for different reasons.However,professional women who want to have more than one child expect to have both children and children.Finally,the childbearing time of professional women can be divided into two aspects.First,the childbearing time of professional women is relatively delayed,and their willing childbearing age is between 26 and 30 years old.Second,the birth time interval.For the older group,they hope to have a small age difference between two children and have a second child as soon as possible after giving birth to one child.For the younger professional women,they hope to control the age difference between two children within 3-5 years.Based on the cost-utility theory and gender theory,this paper analyzes the influencing factors of professional women’s fertility intention.Firstly,it uses Rebenstein’s cost-utility theory to find that the direct material cost of raising children leads to the decline of professional women’s fertility intention,which mainly includes the high-quality pursuit of food,clothing,housing and medical practice and high education cost.The reason why economic factors are still the important factors affecting the reproductive intention of professional women is that the pursuit of high-quality services means high consumption level,and the difference of raising cost reduces the preference for male children of professional women.The indirect opportunity costs of child-rearing include personal pursuit and optimism,constraints on career development,and the physical and psychological costs of having children.The study found that physical and psychological costs are also important factors restricting the reproductive intention of professional women.As the society attaches great importance to mental health,professional women not only pay attention to their own physical and mental health,such as "pregnancy pain","postpartum depression" and "negative social news",which increase the psychological pressure of professional women and reduce their preference for the number of children.From the point of view of eugenics,pay more attention to the physical and psychological conditions of children.The decline of children’s utility mainly analyzes the influence of children’s economic-pension security utility and spiritual utility on professional women’s reproductive intention.Secondly,from the analysis of social gender theory,it is found that the influence of workplace gender discrimination and the dual pressure of work-family makes professional women reduce their childbearing intention or delay their childbearing time.In order to avoid the same workplace experience for their children,some professional women prefer boys.The traditional gender concept of "men take the lead outside and women take the lead inside" is in conflict with the current advanced gender culture,so it is necessary to further enrich the social gender theory to meet the needs of the current social development.Aiming at the analysis of the factors affecting the fertility intention of urban professional women,the following five aspects of the strategy: first,pay attention to the construction of harmonious fertility environment;Second,to establish and improve childcare services to meet the needs of children;Third,establish and improve the maternity welfare and social security system;Fourth,increase financial input to share the cost of raising children;Fifth,we should improve the employment system to build a childbearing friendly social environment for professional women.