Research On The Impact Of The Change Of Population Age Structure On The Urban-Rural Income Gap

After the Reform and Opening-up,the economy of China has grown expeditiously,and people’s life conditions have been obviously ameliorated.However,due to unbalanced regional development,Income inequality has widen seriously.The problem of the excessive urban-rural income gap is particularly prominent,which has attracted deep attention from all sectors of society.Innovation,as the fundamental driving force for high-quality economic development,plays a pivotal role in narrowing the income gap and alleviating the unbalanced and inadequate social development.But now,the aging population is becoming more and more serious,and the young labor force,as the major group of social technological innovation,may even face the problem of serious shortage in the future.Therefore,studying the impact mechanism among technological innovation,population age structure changes and urban-rural income gap will enrich the relevant theories on population structure and income distribution,and provide theoretical basis for accelerating the balanced development of urban-rural economy in China,which has important practical significance.Firstly,this paper expounds the relevant theories and mechanisms of technological innovation,population age structure,and urban-rural income gap.Then,the relevant statistical data of thirty provinces in China(except Hong Kong,Taiwan,Macao and Tibet)from 2000 to 2019 are used as samples,and build a comprehensive evaluation index system for technological innovation,and the entropy method is used to calculate the technological innovation capabilities of various regions in my country;next,a dynamic panel system GMM model is built to explore the linear relationship of technological innovation,population age structure and urban-rural income gap.On this basis,with technological innovation as the threshold variable,the nonlinear relationship between population age structure changes and urban-rural income gap is estimated by threshold regression;finally,according to geographical division,China is divided into eastern,central and western regions.And then the regional heterogeneity analysis is carried out on the nonlinear characteristics of technological innovation,population age structure and urbanrural income gap.The research results show that there is a significant positive relationship between the technological innovation ability and the urban-rural income gap;the increase of the old-age dependency ratio in the population age structure will significantly expand the urbanrural income gap;the linear relationship between the child-age dependency ratio of the population age structure and the urban-rural income gap is not significant,but when technological innovation is used as the threshold variable,it shows significant non-linear characteristics.From a regional perspective,there is a single threshold effect in the three major regions of China,but,under the influence of technological innovation,there are differences in the effect of the child-age dependency ratio in the change of population age structure on the urban-rural income gap.Based on the main conclusions,this paper proposes recommendations and advice from the three parts: deeply improving the rural social security system;giving full play to the overall coordination of technological innovation and fertility policy;promoting the implementation of regional policies and adjusting measures to local conditions.