Research On The Teaching Practice Of Graphical Programming In Primary Schools

Programming is the basic way of communication between humans and machines that enables computers to complete specific tasks according to human intentions,and is one of the basic capabilities in the era of artificial intelligence.With the release of the new curriculum standards for information technology in 2022,computational thinking,one of the core competencies of the subject,is becoming more and more important.In primary school information technology classrooms,the cultivation of computational thinking mainly relies on programming teaching.With the popularization of programming teaching,Python,one of the most widely used languages in the era of artificial intelligence,has gradually entered the programming classrooms of primary and secondary schools.Since 2018,Python has become one of the contents of the Zhejiang college entrance examination;Python teaching content has also been added to the newly published information technology textbook for sixth grade primary schools in Qingdao,Shandong.In the seventh edition of the information technology textbook for middle schools recommended by Chongqing University Press,Python is one of the main learning contents.The learning of the Python programming language can be continuous throughout the learners’ elementary,middle,high school and even university stages.In the 2022 Ministry of Education whitelist competition,there are 3 competitions that set up primary Python competitions,indicating that primary school Python teaching is feasible.In order to better help elementary school students transition to the learning of code programming in middle school,it is necessary to introduce Python teaching in the upper part of elementary school.For elementary school students,their thinking mode cannot completely leave the appearance of specific affairs.As a kind of code programming,Python programming has a certain learning threshold for learners.The form of graphical programming allows students to free themselves from code memory learning,and pays more attention to the improvement of programming and thinking ability,which is more in line with the cognitive characteristics of primary school students.Therefore,this research will explore a graphical Python programming teaching mode that is more in line with the characteristics of primary school students.The new curriculum standard advocates equal emphasis on scientific principles and practical applications.Driven by real problems,students are guided through the process of applying principles and computational thinking,constructing knowledge,and improving their problem-solving abilities.Open-source hardware can help students obtain data in the real world,support students to develop their own hands-on ability,practical ability and innovation ability through exploration,experience and creation,and the new curriculum standards advocate "learning by doing","learning by using"," learning while creating " is highly consistent.Therefore,this research explores,with the support of open-source hardware control boards,to refine the main knowledge points of primary school Python,and to teach programming in the form of graphical programming,to cultivate students’ computational thinking ability and creative awareness,and to help learners better transition from primary school graphical programming tools to secondary school code programming languages.This research mainly adopts the method of questionnaire survey,quasi-experimental research method,interview method and so on.The main work is as follows:1.Studies the application of primary school Python teaching and graphical programming at home and abroad,and analyzes the possibility of integration of the two;Analyzes and organizes the application of computational thinking and open-source hardware in teaching,and provides directions for follow-up research.The research analyzes the relevant theories of programming education such as practical education theory,cognitivediscovery learning theory and constructivism theory,and provides theoretical guidance for subsequent research.2.First of all,a questionnaire survey is conducted on the students’ programming foundation,and the students’ basic knowledge level and cognitive level are analyzed.Combined with the cognitive level of students,various types of Python textbooks and grade standards in primary school were compared and analyzed,and the scope of primary Python teaching content involved in this research was determined.Secondly,the commonly used graphical programming software is compared and analyzed,and the feasibility of integrating Python knowledge points into the graphical programming software mPython is analyzed and verified.Under the guidance of maker education theory,a teaching method is established in which Python knowledge points are graphed through the programming software mPython,and then combined with open-source hardware to design a complete work.Under the direction of the cultivation of computational thinking,the main content and teaching mode of Python graphical programming in primary schools are studied and analyzed,and the teaching design is formed in combination with the new curriculum standards.3.Select the fifth-grade students of primary school as experimental objects to carry out comparative research on teaching design.According to the questionnaire test analysis of the practice results of the experimental class and the control class and the long-term observation of students’ classroom programming performance,it is found that the Python graphical programming teaching design in this thesis can help students understand Python knowledge points more effectively.Effectively improve students’ computational thinking ability.From the results of students participating in programming competitions,it can be found that the teaching design of this study effectively improves students’ comprehensive practical ability and innovation ability,and improves students’ graphical programming ability.The results of sample interviews reflect that open-source hardware has effectively improved students’ learning interest and creative desire.The successful implementation of the teaching design and teaching practice in this thesis verifies that it is feasible to integrate Python knowledge points into the teaching of graphical programming.It is hoped that the primary Python graphical programming teaching mode and teaching design form formed in this research can provide a certain reference for the design of programming teaching content and mode in the upper grades of primary schools.