| The new round of basic education reform has a great influence on secondary education.In 2014,“The State Council on deepening the reform of the examination and enrollment system” clearly put forward the requirements of deepening the reform of the content of college entrance examination.In 2017,the “General High School Chemistry Curriculum Standards(2017 Edition)” was promulgated,which redefined the objectives and content of high school chemistry courses.In 2020,the“Evaluation system of China’s college entrance examination” was released,which mainly answers the questions of why,what,and how to take the college entrance examination.Both are the products of a new round of basic education reform,which stipulates the training goals and training requirements for talents in the new eraThe new gaokao system will be fully implemented in the autumn of 2022.Under this background,it is necessary to study the characteristics of subject knowledge and chemistry key ability in the new high examination.This study selected a total of 12 sets of high school examination questions from Zhejiang,Beijing,Shandong,Hainan,Hunan,Guangdong,Liaoning,Jiangsu,Hubei,and the whole country in 2022 as the research subjects to explore their examination characteristics of thematic knowledge and key chemical abilities,and obtain insights.The aim is to provide reference for teachers’ teaching and students’ exam preparation.The following conclusions can be drawn:(1)Although the proportion of subject knowledge in chemistry papers of college entrance examination in different provinces fluctuated to a certain extent,the overall trend remained consistent.The compulsory modules mainly focus on common inorganic matter and its application as well as chemical science and experimental exploration topics.The scores of the other three topics are all below 6 points except Zhejiang volume and National B volume.The scores of ion reaction and equilibrium in aqueous solution in selective compulsory course 1 fluctuated greatly in different provinces,and the scores of the other two subjects were between 5-15.Selective compulsory Module 2 is not included in the Zhejiang paper.The remaining provinces mainly focus on the interaction between particles and material properties.In addition,only the Hunan paper has tested the methods and values of studying material structure by 2 points,while the other provinces do not involve it;The trend of selective compulsory module 3 in each province is mainly focused on the properties and applications of hydrocarbons and their derivatives,followed by the composition and structure of organic compounds,and the proportion of biological macromolecules and synthetic polymers is the smallest.(2)The examination of the four key abilities of chemistry in the 2022 College Entrance examination is unbalanced.The overall characteristics are mainly the ability of understanding and discrimination,analysis and speculation,followed by the ability of induction and demonstration,experiment and exploration.Among them,the national A volume and Guangdong volume have the largest proportion of understanding and analysis ability,and other provinces have the largest proportion of analysis and speculation ability.Beijing,Hunan,Jiangsu,Liaoning and Hubei have more ability to investigate,experiment and explore,and other regions have more ability to summarize and demonstrate.Chemistry is an experiment-based discipline,however,only the Hunan and Liaoning rolls score 20 points or more in the examination of experimental and inquiry ability in each province,and the other provinces have lower than 20 points.(3)The content and characteristics of subject knowledge to some extent determine the types of chemical key competence.For example,the main content of common inorganic substances and their application topics is the relevant properties and reaction laws and applications of various inorganic compounds,so most regions tend to understand and identify and analyze and speculate on the ability to examine,and test students’ mastery of concepts and principles,analyze the conversion process,describe experimental phenomena,summarize reaction laws,etc.The knowledge content of ion reaction and equilibrium in aqueous solution is mainly ionization,hydrolysis,precipitation dissolution equilibrium,ion reaction and equilibrium and application,so the examination focuses on induction and demonstration ability,aiming to require students to convert and calculate the physical quantities given by the topic according to the knowledge learned,which is more difficult.A few suggestions: Teachers can combine the characteristics of different thematic knowledge in practical teaching to design teaching from both content objectives and ability objectives,focusing on hierarchical classification of teaching review,cultivating students’ necessary key chemical abilities under specific topics,and at the same time,consider the integration of the correlation between various knowledge,so that students’ key abilities can be further improved;Students should pay timely attention to the direction of the reform and changes in the college entrance examination during their preparation,firmly grasp the basic knowledge and integrate it,and improve their ability to analyze and solve problems. |
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