Research On Public Education Expenditure And Education Level In Compulsory Education Stage From Intergenerational Perspective

As mentioned in the 20 th CPC National Congress,"Chinese-style modernization is the modernization of common prosperity for all the people",which requires "efforts to safeguard and promote social fairness and justice,and promote common prosperity for all the people".As an important embodiment of social equity and justice,public service is not only the basic layout for realizing Chinese-style modernization,but also the main starting point for common prosperity to follow Chinese-style modernization.It is of great significance for our country to explore the impact of public education expenditure on education,so as to realize that all people enjoy equal development and education opportunities,and ultimately promote social equity and justice through education equity.The promotion of educational equity includes not only reducing the gap in human capital between the children of different families,but also reducing the gap in human capital between different children within the family.Based on the analysis and arrangement of relevant literature,combined with the theory of intergenerational mobility and the theory of human capital,this paper constructs an analysis framework of the impact mechanism of public education expenditure on children’s education from two aspects of direct effect and indirect effect.The direct effect discusses the effect of public education expenditure on the accumulation of human capital of children,and the indirect effect discusses the crowding-out effect of public education expenditure on family education investment.Secondly,focusing on the educational inequity within the family caused by the unequal distribution of family educational resources,this paper explores the impact of public education expenditure on the "gender difference" and "birth order difference" of family educational resources allocation.In addition,after the empirical verification of the impact mechanism of public education expenditure on the attainment of children’s education,and the improvement effect on gender differences and birth order differences,this paper will make a comparative analysis from the multi-dimensional perspectives of gender,urban and rural areas,and education stage,so as to understand in detail the differences in the effect of public education expenditure on the attainment of children’s education in different urban and rural areas,gender,and education stage.First,public education expenditure has a direct effect on children’s education,which is conducive to the accumulation of human capital.Secondly,in terms of the heterogeneity of the impact of public education expenditure and parental income on children’s education level,the results show that: 1)There are direct effects of public education expenditure on children’s education level in both primary school and junior high school,but the former has a higher indirect effect;(2)Public education expenditure can promote the equality of educational opportunities between genders and reduce the dependence of women on their parents’ economic status;3)The direct and indirect effects of public education expenditure in rural areas are higher than those in urban areas.Third,the study shows that market-based education has the effect of slowing down the direct and indirect effects of public education expenditure,and the latter slowdown is relatively small.Fourthly,public expenditure on compulsory education can significantly promote the education expenditure of families in the non-compulsory education stage,help optimize the allocation of family education resources,and promote the educational investment of children in the non-compulsory education stage.Fifth,in terms of the differences in the educational level of children from non-one-child families,the results show that: 1)there is a significant gender difference;2)Differences in birth order are evident,with children born earlier having higher educational attainment,and there is less variation in birth order in families with more educated parents.Sixth,there are differences in the impact of public expenditure on gender differences and birth order differences.Specifically,public education expenditure can significantly improve the difference in birth order,but it will increase the gender difference in the educational level of the children of non-only child families.