The Research Of Influence And Spillorver Effect Of The “One Subsidy” Aid On The Academic Achievement Of Junior Middle School Students

According to human capital theory and education production function,family input is one of the determinants of individual human capital accumulation,and the low income of poor families leads to their human capital investment status is often worse than that of ordinary families.The education cash aid policy for poor families is not only related to education equity,but also related to talent training and long-term economic and social development in rural and other underdeveloped areas.In recent years,our country has completed the building of a well-off society in an all-round way and eliminated absolute poverty.Under the background of relative poverty becoming the main poverty contradiction,the cash aid policy in the stage of compulsory education,that is,the policy of "one subsidy"("One Subsidy" in the "Two Exemptions and One Subsidy",hereinafter collectively referred to as “one subsidy”)has not been adjusted accordingly,and the scholars also lack scientific evaluation and prospect on this policy.The scale of the government’s education subsidy for children from poor families continues to expand.How much effect has been produced by this huge financial investment in education and how to further improve this cash aid policy in the new era to better realize its humanistic and economic benefits are still practical problems worth discussing.On the one hand,foreign researches have basically reached a consensus that cash aid for education can significantly improve the educational outcomes of children from poor families,while domestic researches have inconsistent conclusions and few studies.On the other hand,the existing research on the discussion of cash aid policy is not comprehensive,only focusing on its direct "point-to-point" effect on students from poor families,and ignoring its additional "point-to-plane" spillover effect.In view of this,based on the theory of education production function,this paper comprehensively uses the quasi-experimental research methods of propensity score matching,differential difference and random shift to evaluate the effect of the "one subsidy" funding policy for poor families at the stage of compulsory education,and comprehensively discusses its impact on the children’s education and future labor income of poor families and its spillover effect.It is found that the "one subsidy" aid can produce both direct and spillover effects in the class.It not only significantly promotes the academic performance of the subsidized students,but also has a joint effect on the academic performance of the unsubsidized students.The precise identification of students from poor families can greatly promote the helping effect of the "one subsidy" aid.Mechanism analysis shows that these influences are driven by intra-family resource allocation,class interaction and friendship development.Heterogeneity analysis shows that boys,rural students and students with performance deviation benefit more from "one supplement" funding.In addition,the cost-benefit analysis further shows that this supporting effect can be transformed into a huge economic value of labor force in the future,which should be paid much attention to.Based on the research findings,this paper puts forward several suggestions on the development of "one subsidy" policy for compulsory education in the future:(1)Reduce the threshold of student financial aid and expand the coverage of financial aid;(2)Improve the degree of identification of students from poor families,and formulate poverty standards appropriate to economic development;(3)Make different financial aid standards according to the degree of poverty of students from poor families,and expand the economic benefits of cash aid for education;(4)Optimize the investment in family education and pay attention to the all-round development of students in basic education.