Research On The Path Of Vocational Education To Alleviate The Relative Poverty Of Urban Floating Population

In 2020,China has historically eliminated absolute poverty and fulfilled the goal of poverty alleviation in the new era as scheduled,and poverty governance has shifted from overall elimination of absolute poverty to sustainable alleviation of relative poverty.At the same time,urban economic development and the number of floating populations are constantly changing.Due to a series of institutional Settings,the urban poverty problem is becoming more complex,and the poverty problem of the urban floating population is gradually prominent.Solving the poverty problem of the urban floating population will become an important part of China’s poverty alleviation work.As an important means to stimulate the endogenous motivation of relatively poor groups and an effective way to explore the feasible ability of relatively poor groups,education plays a vital role in poverty reduction policies.As for the urban floating population,due to the unfavourable situation they face in receiving education,they have limited opportunities to integrate into the city through general education.By contrast,vocational education can provide them with more opportunities.Therefore,relying on the general project of National Social Science Fund "Research on the Internal Mechanism and Action Path of Public Education Investment in Alleviating Rural Relative Poverty"(BFA210070),this study aims to explore the impact of vocational education on the relative poverty of urban floating population and its action path,which has vital practical significance.Based on the data of the data of Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS),this study takes the urban floating population as the research object,adopts the method of instrumental variables,and uses the years of schooling of fathers and mothers as the instrumental variables,and makes an empirical investigation on the effect of vocational education on alleviating the relative poverty of urban floating population.On this basis,the differences between vocational education and nonvocational education in alleviating relative poverty of urban floating population are further compared,and the effects of vocational education on alleviating relative poverty of urban floating population are heterogeneous in terms of age,gender and region.In addition,by constructing a generalized structural equation model and taking vocational level and social capital as the mediating variables,this paper explores the influence path of vocational education in alleviating the relative poverty of urban floating population,and examines and analyses the mediating role of vocational level and social capital in alleviating the relative poverty of urban floating population.The findings are as follows:(1)Vocational education can effectively alleviate the relative poverty of urban floating population.Those who have received vocational education are 21.56%less likely to fall into relative poverty than those whose education level is junior high school or below.In addition,for the urban floating population with vocational education,the probability of falling into relative poverty is 8.1% lower for the urban floating population with higher vocational education than for the urban floating population with only secondary vocational education.(2)There is no significant difference between vocational education and regular high school education in alleviating relative poverty of urban floating population.It shows that vocational education and ordinary high school education are not superior or inferior.They only have the integration of schoolrunning modes and the similarities and differences of education methods.At the same time,it also provides a useful empirical basis for the diversion of general and vocational education after compulsory education.(3)The effect of vocational education on the relative poverty alleviation of urban floating population is heterogeneous.The effect of vocational education on the relative poverty alleviation of the old generation of urban floating population is stronger than that of the new generation of urban floating population,the effect of vocational education on the relative poverty alleviation of the female urban floating population is stronger than that of the male urban floating population,and it has a significant effect on the urban floating population in the eastern region,but has no significant effect on the urban floating population in the central and western regions.(4)Vocational education alleviates the relative poverty of urban floating population through the path of vocational level.Vocational level plays a significant mediating effect on the role of vocational education in alleviating the relative poverty of urban floating population,while social capital has no mediating effect on the role of vocational education in alleviating relative poverty of urban floating population.The mediating effect of vocational level accounted for 63.81% of the total effect,and vocational level played a partial mediating role in alleviating the relative poverty of urban floating population by vocational education.Based on the above research results,this paper proposes some suggestions on the development of vocational education and the solution to the problem of relative poverty: First,increase the investment in vocational education and improve the development quality of vocational education;Second,strengthen public opinion propaganda and guidance,change social ideology;Third,improve the market system construction,deepen the integration of industry and education;Fourth,improve personal feasible ability and seek vocational level promotion.