Study On The Employment Of The Floating Population In Northeast China

Northeast China has been a net outflow area as a whole since 1980 s.Although population mobility contributes to optimizing the resource allocation and spatial distribution of the national labor market,a large number of young and adult labor and the advanced people flow out,weakening the development of human capital in Northeast China.The net outflow of population has imposed an impact on the prosperity of border areas and the security of national defense,especially in the border cities and counties of Northeast China.As an old industrial base in Northeast China,the problems of declining economic growth and long-term net outflow of population are of great concern to the society.Hence,it is of great theoretical and practical significance to investigate the employment and urban integration of the floating population in Northeast China in order to promote the comprehensive and all-round revitalization of the northeast old industrial base and to boost the simultaneous development of the "four modernizations".In previous studies,the employment,income or urban integration of migrant workers were usually investigated from the perspective of places of inflow.While in this paper,according to the logic of "employment choice-economic effect-development orientation",mainly using the dynamic monitoring data of floating population in 2015,and based on the perspective of places of discharge towards the floating population in Northeast China,which includes a large proportion of city-to-city mobile population,the differences in influence factors on employment choice,income and urban integration of floating population across and within the regions are systematically investigated in order to provide reference for promoting employment and entrepreneurship of floating population and their integration into cities in Northeast China.Firstly,the features and the influencing factors of the choice of employment status of floating population across and within regions are analyzed.The higher level of human capital accumulation and the range of mobility have a significant negative effect on the choice of self-employed employment status,whereas the average IV m onthly income of the family has a significant positive impact on the self-employed employment status selection.From the view of education,the degree of college education and above has a negative impact on self-employment status decision-making.From the view of mobility scope,the Intra-region migrant population is more likely to choose the status of employers and self-employed workers than the cross-regional floating population.The family resource endowment also has remarkable influence on the selection of employment status.The higher the average monthly household income is,the more likely the floating population across and within the areas will choose to become employers and self-employed workers.The effect of household size on migrant population becoming employers or self-employed workers across and within regions is not exactly the same.The demographic factors such as gender,age,marriage and registered household type have influence on the choice of employment status of floating population in and across the regions,but each variable has different influence of direction and size on the two kinds of population.Secondly,this paper analyzes the features and the influencing factors of the occupational choice of floating population across and within regions.The cross-regional floating population favors the "technical" occupation and the floating population within the region prefers the "low technical content" or "physical" in the choice of occupation.Compared with the general staff in non-monopoly industries,the higher the education level is,the greater the possibility of choosing manager,technician and general staff in monopoly industries and manager,technician in non-monopoly industries for cross-regional outflow and intra-regional floating population.However,the minimum level of education for workers in the intra-regional labor market is less demanding than that in the cross-regional labor market.Agricultural household registration has a negative effect on the choice of manager,technician and general staff in monopoly industries and manager,technician in non-monopoly industries.Gender,age,marital status and work experience have different effects on the choice of manager,technician and general staff in monopoly industries and manager,technician in non-monopoly industries.Thirdly,the paper analyzes the features and the influencing factors of the income of the floating population across and within region.In 2015,the income level of the floating population within the region was only 70% of that of the cross-regional outflow population.According to the different characteristics of demography,the level of human capital and employment,the income level of cross-regional outflow population is significantly higher than that of floating population within the area.Gender,age,registered household types,educational levels,occupation type,employment industry,the nature of employment units and employment status all affect the income level of these two groups of floating population to some extent.At the same time,the larger the mobile range,the higher the income level of the floating population.Fourthly,the status and influencing factors of urban integration of floating population across and within regions are analyzed.Self-employed people have a higher capability of urban integration.There is no significant statistical difference between the willingness and integration capacity of floating population with rural registered household type and those with non-agricultural registered household type floating population in the region,which sends a positive signal that large rural floating population groups are more likely to integrate locally into the city within the Northeast.Housing expenditure is an important factor in restraining the urban integration of floating population.The "multiplier effect" of mobile range on income does not transform into the capacity of urban integration,and the floating population has a strong ability to integrate into the city in close proximity to the city.The floating population has a certain degree of "misplaced urban integration",that is,the future intention of settlement is inconsistent with the current employment place.Based on the above conclusions,some consistent policy suggestions are put forward towards the common problems in employment,entrepreneurship and urban integration of the floating population across and within the region,such as the treatment of citizens in the places of inflow.Targeting cross-regional and intra-regional individual problems of migrant populations in terms of employment,entrepreneurship and urban integration,such as the fact that different migrant population groups in the region are more likely to integrate into cities in close proximity,the paper also proposes some policy suggestions to promote the integration of the local floating population into the cities by strengthening the supply of public goods in Northeast China.