The Impact Of Subjective Well-being On Fertility Desire

Although the economic development level of China is gradually improving,the fertility level of China is showing a downward trend.China introduced a universal two-child policy in 2016 and a three-child policy in 2021,but the birth rate has not rebounded to the ideal level.At present,the growth rate of China’s newborn population is slowing down and its size is shrinking.China has already entered the era of low fertility rate,which has caused a lot of thinking and discussion in the academic circle.The continued decline of fertility rate will aggravate the trend of population aging,promote the imbalance of the country’s population structure,and then cause the market to be unable to obtain the effective supply of labor force,and eventually form the situation of economic prosperity cannot continue to grow.From the perspective of residents’ fertility intention,this paper studies the influence of subjective well-being level on fertility,in order to provide suggestions for the optimization of Chinese fertility policy.This paper first introduces the current global fertility status and China’s fertility policy,as well as the living standards of Chinese residents.Secondly,the research status of fertility intention and subjective well-being at home and abroad is reviewed,which provides a theoretical basis for exploring the influence of subjective well-being level of Chinese residents on fertility intention in the following paper.Then,from the perspective of residents’ subjective feelings and evaluation of their lives,this paper constructs a subjective well-being index system with "three senses of people’s livelihood"--sense of gain,happiness and security as the core.Then,this article briefly describes the birth intention and subjective well-being of our country,and based on this,builds the empirical model.Based on the data of six surveys of China General Social Survey(CGSS)from 2012 to 2021,this paper firstly constructs a model based on subjective well-being index to explore the influence of subjective well-being level on fertility intention of Chinese residents,and carries out heterogeneity analysis from the aspects of gender,marital status and existing fertility behavior.Finally,a single subjective well-being indicator is decomposed into the "three feelings of the people’s livelihood" indicator,and the mechanism of the subjective well-being level of Chinese residents on the birth intention is explored by constructing a model,and the differences between different groups are compared.Through the research,the following conclusions are found:(1)On the whole,the subjective well-being level of Chinese residents has a significant positive impact on the reproductive intention of Chinese residents.This is in line with previous research.(2)There are significant differences between different groups in the subjective well-being level of Chinese residents and their birth intention.From the point of view of gender,the impact of subjective well-being on the reproductive intention of male groups is significantly higher than that of female groups.(3)Subjective well-being affects the reproductive intention of Chinese residents through three dimensions of sense of gain,happiness and security.Among them,the economic sense of acquisition has the strongest influence on the birth will of Chinese residents.The second is happiness,focusing on improving the level of willing fertility of Chinese residents.The last is the sense of security,mainly to enhance our residents will bear the tendency.In addition,there are significant differences in the impact of the "three senses of people’s livelihood" among different groups.Finally,based on the influence of the subjective well-being level of Chinese residents on their birth intention and the mechanism study,the paper thinks that the country can improve from three aspects:(1)reduce the birth cost,construct the birth support system,improve the subjective welfare of residents.(2)The national government should improve the mechanism of reasonable wage increase,increase the proportion of labor remuneration in the primary distribution,and try its best to keep pace with the growth of residents’ income and economic growth.(3)We will coordinate efforts to improve people’s wellbeing in education,social security,medical care,housing,elderly care,childcare and other areas.