Breaking Through The Development Dilemma Of Small Rural Schools

During the "14th Five-year Plan" period,in order to cope with the structural changes of education,the construction of high-quality education system at a new starting point is the policy orientation and key requirement of education reform and development.In order to carry out the important decisions on the construction of high-quality education system,we should focus on promoting the balanced development of compulsory education and urban-rural integration,consolidate the foundation of the high-quality education system,and take new steps in deepening reform and promoting equity.This requires that,in terms of education,the urban-rural relationship must be transformed from "urban-centered" dichotomy to "urban-rural coexistence" urban-rural integration.However,under the logic of long-term urban-centered unbalanced development,the continuous and urban-oriented gathering of educational resources,especially high-quality educational resources,makes rural education the most difficult and painful place.The rationality of the existence of small rural schools has been questioned due to their scattered layout,small scale,low efficiency and weak status.As the prominent weakness of rural education development,the development level of small rural schools is an important factor affecting the ecological balance of rural education.Therefore,it is of great significance to pay attention to the existence and development of small rural schools for safeguarding individual education rights,promoting the revitalization of rural education and realizing the harmonious development of rural society.Based on this,this study closely focuses on the development of small rural schools,follows the thinking logic of "what","why" and "how" and the time clues of "past","present" and "future",takes the symbiosis theory as the analysis tool,focuses on the actual experience of the development of small rural schools,traces the historical approach of the development of small rural schools,and deduces the future trend of the development of small rural schools.From the perspective of history,the main contradiction and dominant task of education development control the development situation of small rural schools.However,no matter in the period of "literacy and universal primary education" or "improving quality and efficiency",small rural schools have always been a basic carrier for rural areas to implement education policies and educational tasks,which has made great contributions to the popularization of rural compulsory education,the improvement of rural cultural level and the modernization of rural society.From this point of view,the existence and development of small rural schools have historical inevitability and necessity.However,based on the field work of the development practice of three small rural schools in a county administrative region in southwest China,it is found that the development of small rural schools is gradually declining due to the capital disadvantage of the rural field,the limited education policy attention and the lack of school development ability.To be specific,it is manifested as small number of students and weak quality,imbalance between supply and demand of teachers,backward schooling conditions,low efficiency of home-school-community synergy,and worrying school prospects.However,it is noteworthy that the dynamic change trend of rural school-age population,the strategic deployment of rural revitalization,and the development direction of rural education modernization prove that small rural schools have the basic living conditions and development value,its existence and development is indeed possible,necessary,and feasible.On the whole,the number of rural schools will be further reduced in the future for a long time due to the continuous decrease of the school-age population in rural areas,and the overall scale of schools will be reduced.Small rural schools may become the main body of rural schools.Therefore,in order to promote the development of small rural schools to realize the transition from "number" simplification to "quality" leap,and give full play to the ontological value of small rural schools,this study suggests that we should strengthen policy support and optimize the symbiotic environment;Promote cooperative development and improve symbiosis mode;Encourage endogenous development and strengthen symbiotic units.