Multi-source Analysis And Enlightenment Of China’s Family Planning Policy Change

The family planning policy is the basic national policy that China has adhered to for a long time,and it is also one of the important policies of the country to comprehensively control the population.Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,in order to ensure that the population can coordinate with the national economic and social development,China has introduced a family planning policy with Chinese characteristics,and made many adjustments and improvements to the policy,which has achieved remarkable results.However,during this period,the population gradually developed from "high birth rate and low death rate" to "low birth rate and low death rate",and a series of problems such as population aging,low birth rate and shrinking working population appeared,which not only brought new challenges to the follow-up development of the policy,but also failed to provide a solid backing force for the high-quality development of the country in a timely manner.In order to get through the "blocking point" restricting policy development,this paper uses the theoretical framework of multi-source flow,analyzes the change process of family planning policy,reveals the characteristics of multi-source flow of policy change and draws relevant enlightenment,so as to continuously optimize China’s family policy and population development strategy,promote population transition,realize the goal of long-term balanced population development,and help the country’s modernization and high-quality development process.Starting from the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the development of the family planning policy can be divided into four stages: The initial incubation stage of the family planning policy(1949—1980),the construction stage of the "one-child" policy(1980—2002),the introduction stage of the "two-child" policy(2002—2021),and the introduction and optimization stage of the "three-child" policy(2021 to present).Among them,the successive introduction stages of the "two-child" policy can be divided into the "two-child policy"(2002—2013),the "two-child policy"(2013—2015)and the "universal two-child policy"(2015—2021).In each stage,the problem source,policy source and political source of policy agenda setting are different.In the overall process of change,the three sources and flows show their own characteristics: in terms of problem sources and flows,from the replacement of old and new problems to the superposition of multiple problems,and finally focus on triggering problem sources and flows;In terms of policy source and flow,from the field of fertility policy to the field of multiple policies to enhance the vitality of policy source and flow;In terms of political source and flow,it is driven by the evolution of national political climate and the swing of national mood.Based on the multi-source characteristics of the change of family planning policy,the author draws the relevant enlightenment for the further development and perfection of the family planning policy,that is,to enhance the awareness of problems and broaden the channels for exploring the clues of problems;Adjusting the way the policy community designs policy alternatives;Absorb policy suggestions in various fields to enhance the feasibility of the program;We should improve the compatibility of policies with future population development,establish a childbearing friendly social environment,and respect people’s reproductive rights.