Research On The Influence Of Human Capital Investment On The Employment Vulnerability Of Migrant Workers

The stable employment of migrant workers is the foundation for ensuring economic development and social harmony and stability.For a long time,migrant workers have obvious characteristics of employment vulnerability,such as high unemployment risk,low and unstable income,insufficient social security,and so on.Especially during the three-year epidemic period,migrant workers have become one of the most affected groups.Therefore,it is particularly important to explore how human capital investment affects the employment vulnerability of migrant workers,how to guarantee the employment stability of migrant workers and promote the sustainable development of migrant workers’ employment environment,so as to reduce the employment vulnerability of migrant workers.Taking human capital investment as the starting point and based on the logical form of "Measuring the employment vulnerability of migrant workers-the impact of human capital investment on the employment vulnerability of migrant workers-putting forward policy suggestions",this paper firstly analyzes how various forms of human capital investment affect the employment vulnerability of migrant workers.Then,based on the fixed effect model and the principal component analysis method,a comprehensive index of employment vulnerability of migrant workers is constructed to explore the effects of different forms of human capital investment on the employment vulnerability of migrant workers from four dimensions,and to analyze the influence and lagging effect of different human capital investment on the employment vulnerability of migrant workers.The regional heterogeneity and intergenerational differences of human capital investment on migrant workers’ employment vulnerability are further examined.Finally,on the basis of the above empirical analysis,combined with the actual situation,the corresponding policy suggestions are put forward to reduce the employment vulnerability of migrant workers.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)Human capital investment has a positive effect on reducing the employment vulnerability of migrant workers.Among them,participation in skills training,increasing the frequency of exercise and per capita transportation and communication expenditure have a significant impact on reducing the employment vulnerability of migrant workers,especially participation in skills training has the greatest impact.(2)Different forms of human capital investment have different timeliness on the employment vulnerability of migrant workers,in which per capita education and training expenditure,skill training,exercise frequency and per capita transportation and communication expenditure have significant negative effects on the employment vulnerability of migrant workers when they lag one period.(3)Different human capital investment can reduce the employment vulnerability of migrant workers to different degrees,but the impact effect is different for migrant workers in different generations and different regions.Based on the above conclusions,this paper aims to reduce the employment vulnerability of migrant workers,formulate corresponding measures to ensure the employment of migrant workers,and establish a multi-dimensional strategy that focuses on government policy support and guidance,from enterprises to workers.At the government level,we continue to build a social security system that benefits all people,supervise enterprises and introduce supportive policies and guidelines for small and micro enterprises.We will increase the coverage of the "five social insurances and one financial fund",and give priority to universal basic old-age insurance and medical insurance for urban and rural residents.We will make the commercial insurance market more active,complement each other’s advantages with the basic social insurance,and expand the scope of individual social security for rural migrant workers.We will implement rationalized employment protection mechanisms based on different industries and regions.Implement employment guarantee.Practice reasonable,legal and compliant labor relations within the enterprise;Improve employee benefits.Mitigate external risk shocks.Migrant workers should strengthen vocational education and improve their professional skills.Ensuring basic education and enhancing the employability of the next generation;Improve the awareness of insurance participation,take the initiative to seek and safeguard their legitimate rights and interests.