The Influence Of Advanced Human Capital Structure On The Wages Of Migrant Workers

Facing complex domestic and foreign economic situation changes,the high economic growth mode relying on capital investment and low added value labor is difficult to sustain,the original situation in the low-technology and low added value industries can not achieve continuous growth in income,our country must accelerate the transformation of economic growth mode,so that we can cope with crisis and resist external impact,and start a new round of growth.As a new engine of high-quality economic development,the improvement of human capital provides an important source of power for high-quality economic development,coordinated regional economic development and economic restructuring.Under the background of disappearing demographic dividend and aging,our human capital investment continues to increase.The expansion of college education and the change of educational concepts make the proportion of high-quality workers rise,and the labor supply structure also changes.On the one hand,the process of high-level development of human capital structure can not only bring knowledge spillover and output effect,promote the increase of regional wage level,change the regional industrial structure,but also provide more employment opportunities and promote the effective matching between personnel and posts.On the other hand,the combination of advanced human capital with physical capital and new technology will bring about "job creation" and"job destruction",which will also change the traditional mode of production and management,and the demand for workers’ skills will also change.The change of supply and demand structure of labor market will lead to the change of different types of labor income.As for the low-skilled low-income groups represented by migrant workers,they are mainly concentrated in labor-intensive industries with low skill requirements,low employment threshold and large number of employees,so it is difficult for them to realize employment conversion and occupational mobility,and they have strong substitution.Then,whether the improvement of the quality of human capital in China will reduce the income of such low-human capital labor and worsen income distribution?In this paper,under the background of the changing labor market structure,the gradual disappearance of demographic dividend and the in-depth adjustment of industrial structure,the influence of the evolution of the advanced human capital structure on the wages of migrant workers will be analyzed.It will not only help to understand the influence and mechanism of the changes in labor market supply with the general improvement of education level on farmers’ wages and income.It also has very important practical significance to help the government formulate policies to improve human capital factors,break through the bottleneck of migrant workers’wage growth and improve their living conditions.Previous studies on human capital mainly focus on the change of "quantity",while this paper focuses on the level of"quality".Previous studies were mainly conducted at the micro individual level,but the macroeconomic value generated by labor’s human capital endowment is more significant.This paper firstly introduces the human capital theory and the wage theory,and analyzes that the change of human capital structure in a region brings about the human capital externality which will raise the wage level,while the industrial structure adjustment,the change of labor skill demand and the change of production factors will reduce the wage income of migrant workers,a low-skill group.Based on the data of the national floating population survey from 2013 to 2017,this paper constructs the high-level index of human capital structure to represent the human capital status of a region,and explores its impact on the wages of migrant workers from the macro and micro perspectives.First,the total effect of its influence on migrant workers’ wages is investigated,and the intermediary effect is analyzed empirically.The least squares regression,instrumental variable regression and other empirical methods were used to analyze the heterogeneity of the upgrading of human capital structure among different education levels,income levels and different positions.In order to ensure the robustness of the results,a series of analyses were carried out,such as replacing the proxy variables of the upgrading of human capital structure index and adding control variables.Finally,the following conclusions are drawn:(1)Overall,after controlling individual characteristics and urban characteristics in the regression model and using the instrumental variable method to reduce the influence of endogeneity,the results show that the total effect of the upgrading of human capital structure on the wages of migrant workers is still significantly positive.(2)The upgrading of human capital structure will reduce the cost and obstacles of knowledge and skill communication,significantly improve the level of technological innovation and the application of large machinery and equipment,and thus improve the wage level.However,the change of industrial structure brought by it will also have a certain negative impact on the wages of low-skilled and low-income migrant workers.(3)There is heterogeneity in the impact of the upgrading of human capital structure on the wages of migrant workers,and the positive impact on the high income and high skill migrant workers is stronger.According to the nature of work,migrant workers are divided into conventional industries,unconventional operation industries and unconventional cognitive industries for the analysis of the heterogeneity of human capital structure.The results show that the positive effect of human capital has the most significant impact on the non-conventional cognitive positions that require abstract thinking and creativity,such as professional and technical personnel.Through the empirical analysis and conclusion,the following three suggestions are put forward:First,local governments should give full play to the external advantages brought by human capital,promote industrial upgrading and technological innovation,adjust human capital policies according to the needs of the transformation of local industrial structure,not only to give full play to human capital advantages,develop high value-added industries,but also to achieve dynamic matching between the two.Therefore,while continuing to increase high-level human capital investment to meet the needs of the labor market,it is necessary to pay attention to migrant workers in low-end positions and low-skilled low-income groups,increase the human capital investment in rural labor,urge enterprises to strengthen skills training for migrant workers,and ensure their stable employment and higher wages under the background of industrial structure optimization and upgrading.Second,during the period of economic structural adjustment,economic development pattern reform and technological progress,the demand for high-quality labor continuously increases,local governments also need to develop the high technology industry,the corresponding human capital factors to meet the quality of workers and employment needs.Third,improving the allocation efficiency of human capital elements in different regions and industries and improving the matching degree between human capital and corresponding industries are conducive to stable social order and sustainable economic growth.Different regions should formulate different industrial development policies and measures according to local economic resource endowment and local conditions.When underdeveloped regions develop capital-intensive and industry-intensive industries,We should give full consideration to the human capital status and education level of the labor market,ensure the development of labor-intensive industries to stabilize employment and avoid the increase of structural unemployment.