The Effect Of Self-Criticism And Self-Compassion On NSSI In Special School Students

Self-injury(NSSI)is the deliberate destruction of body tissue without a motive to commit suicide.According to the Interpersonal System Model,adolescents realize that they are a negative image in the minds of their family and peers,and there may be an internalized shame response,which leads to self-criticism,inhibits the production of self-compassion,and promotes the occurrence of NSSI in order to get rid of the dysfunction of interpersonal communication,family and environment or gain attention.According to the Self-Punishment Model of NSSI,adolescents with higher levels of self-criticism use NSSI as a form of self-punishment for self-balancing and self-conciliation,while interventions that increase a sense of self-worth can reduce the willingness to punish and reduce NSSI.In recent years,more and more scholars have conducted research on NSSI.As a special group of teenagers,students in special schools are more prone to NSSI than students in ordinary schools,but so far,there are few studies on NSSI.Since self-criticism and self-compassion are often accompanied by NSSI,in this context,this study investigates the relationship between self-criticism,self-compassion and NSSI among students in special schools through questionnaires and experiments.In addition,with the identification of the concept of state self-compassion,whether students with higher levels of self-criticism will change their implicit identification of self-injury after self-compassion induction is also the focus of this study.This study is divided into two parts.In order to investigate the situation of NSSI among students in special schools and the demographic variables,and explore the relationship between self-criticism,self-compassion and explicit NSSI among students in special schools,In study 1,self-criticism,self-compassion and NSSI of 388 students from special schools in Qiannan Prefecture and Rongjiang County,Guizhou Province were investigated by the Questionnaire on Adolescent Self-injury-behavior,Depression Experience Questionnaire-Self-Criticism Subscale and Adolescent Self-Compassion Scale.The results showed that the incidence rate of self-injurious behaviors among students in special schools was 83%,and the level of NSSI among students in special schools had significant differences in the monthly income of the father,parental relationship,mother-child relationship,main caregiver,popularity and type of crime.In addition,self-criticism of students in special schools was significantly positively correlated with the level of explicit NSSI,while self-compassion of students in special schools was significantly negatively correlated with the level of explicit NSSI.The second study was divided into two experiments.The implicit association test of NSSI was used to calculate the implicit identification of NSSI.In order to explore the effects of self-criticism and self-compassion on implicit identity of NSSI among students from special schools,150 students from special schools in Qiannan Prefecture and Rongjiang County of Guizhou Province were selected as subjects in experiment 1.2(self-compassion: high,low)×2(self-criticism: high,low)was used as the experimental design,and the dependent variable was the standardized difference score of implicit association test.The results showed that under the low level of self-criticism,the higher the level of self-compassion,the lower the implicit identification of NSSI.At the high level of self-criticism,the level of self-compassion had no effect on the implicit identity of NSSI.In order to explore whether self-compassion induction by students in special schools with a high level of self-criticism will affect individuals’ implicit identification with NSSI,80 students in special schools with a high level of self-criticism in Qiannan Prefecture and Rongjiang County of Guizhou Province were selected as subjects in experiment 2.The single-factor intertrial design(accepting self-compassion induction,not accepting self-compassion induction)was adopted.The dependent variable was the standardized difference score of the implicit association test.The results showed that for students with high level of self-criticism in special schools,self-compassion induction could significantly reduce their implicit identification with NSSI.The results show that students in special schools have a higher level of NSSI,and both self-criticism and self-compassion can affect their level of NSSI.This supports the Interpersonal System Model and Self-Punishment Model of NSSI,and provides an intervention method to induce self-compassion to reduce the level of NSSI among students in special schools.