Research On The Experience Of Childcare Service In Developed Countries And Its Enlightenment

Modern multidisciplinary studies have long proved that childhood is the most rapidly developing and malleable period in a person’s life.The development of this period has a positive impact on the lifelong development of individuals and the sustainable development of politics,economy and society.Based on this understanding,it has become an international consensus that states have the responsibility to ensure the healthy development of children.As a foundation project closely related to children’s growth,0-3year-old childcare service has been incorporated into the national economic development strategy in many countries around the world,and some countries have also incorporated it into the national education system.In recent years,impacted by the continuous low fertility rate,nurseries for 0-3 year-old have gradually entered the national policy horizon of China.However,with the deepening of the system reform,some problems restricting the development of China’s childcare services are becoming more and more prominent.How to solve these problems is the key to promote the sustainable development of childcare services.It is undoubtedly beneficial to the development of China’s childcare service to conduct in-depth and systematic research and analysis on it.The researcher browsed the relevant literature on the construction of childcare service system in some developed countries and selected the United States and Japan as the main research objects after comprehensive investigation.First of all,the paper sorts out and analyzes the historical process and current background of the development of childcare service systems in the United States and Japan.Secondly,the paper introduces the specific contents of the two countries’ childcare service systems from three aspects:the basic operation system of childcare service,the improvement system of childcare service quality and the relevant welfare system.The basic operation system of childcare service includes management system,garden management system and invest system.The system for improving the quality of childcare service includes certification system,target system and teacher construction system.Thirdly,the paper summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the development of the two countries’ childcare service systems.The experience of the American childcare service system includes:Local authorities are in charge of childcare,and federal responsibility is strengthened through legislation and funding;Multi-level provision of childcare services;Pay attention to vulnerable groups and pursue education equity;Pay attention to standards and improve the quality of childcare;Try to construct the institution-community-family trinity of childcare service mechanism;The scientific leadership of professional academic communities.The disadvantages include:Lack of stable and universal childcare service policy system;The provision of childcare services is not fair;The professional level and treatment of teachers remain to be improved.The experience of Japan’s childcare service system includes:Unified guidance of the central government is combined with active autonomy of local governments,and government functions are prominent;Increasing financial input to promote fairness in childcare;Improve the teacher construction system and improve the quantity and quality of teachers;Multi-entity participation in childcare which will increase the supply of childcare services.The disadvantages include:The employment environment for female workers has not really improved,and the parenting conflicts still exists;The relaxation of standards of some childcare facilities will easily lead to hidden trouble of quality.At last,,this study analyzes the achievements and problems in the development of China’s childcare services.The problems include three major contradictions: The contradiction between unbalanced and inadequate supply of childcare services and people’s growing demand for childcare services;The contradiction between the rapidly developing childcare market and the relatively lagging government function;The contradiction between the goal of establishing and perfecting the childcare service system and the limitation of social parenting concept.On this basis,the paper draws on the experience and lessons of the two countries dialectically,and puts forward specific suggestions on the construction of childcare service system in China from the two aspects:the core ideas and concrete implementation suggestions.The core ideas include:child-oriented;family-centered;adhere to the value pursuit of publicity and universal benefits.Specific implementation suggestions include: strengthening government functions,building a solid support for the cause of childcare;establish a supportive network of multiple subjects and build a family-friendly society;strengthen the teaching staff and support the healthy development of childcare services.